Directional Antenna Switching for High-Speed 5G Beam Reliability
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-speed movement of electronic devices can lead to a sharp decrease in communication quality due to the need for beam training, which is time-consuming and inadequate for maintaining effective communication in 5G NR systems, especially in frequency range 2 (FR2) where signal transmission distances are increased using multiple antennas.
Innovation Solution
An electronic device equipped with multiple antennas facing different directions, where a processor dynamically selects and enables antennas based on signal quality received through spatial domain reception filters, ensuring that at least one antenna with a quality greater than or equal to a reference value is always active to maintain communication quality during high-speed movement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If beam training is performed to identify the best beam from multiple antennas, then communication quality is improved, but time is lost due to the training process
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs beam training in advance to establish beam correspondence relationships between transmit and receive beams before actual communication occurs. This preliminary beam training allows the device to quickly select pre-identified optimal beams during high-speed movement without performing time-consuming beam training in real-time, thus resolving the contradiction between maintaining communication quality and reducing time loss.
2Reliability
If multiple antennas are enabled to maintain communication during high-speed movement, then communication reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts the enabled state of antennas based on movement speed and signal quality conditions. When high-speed movement is detected, the processor enables multiple antennas facing different directions to maintain communication reliability. When movement speed is low, fewer antennas are enabled to reduce complexity. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction between reliability and complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system enables specific antennas with particular orientations based on the directional requirements of high-speed movement scenarios. Rather than enabling all antennas uniformly, the processor selectively activates antennas facing directions likely to maintain signal quality during movement, thus improving reliability while minimizing the increase in device complexity.
3Reliability
If beam training is performed frequently to adapt to high-speed movement, then communication quality is maintained, but productivity decreases due to repeated training
Solution Approach 1:
Beam training is performed in advance to establish a library of beam correspondence relationships before high-speed movement begins. During movement, the system utilizes these pre-established relationships to quickly adapt to changing conditions without performing complete beam training sequences, thus maintaining communication quality while preserving data transmission productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of performing continuous beam training during high-speed movement, the system performs beam training periodically or at specific intervals when conditions warrant re-evaluation. This periodic approach maintains communication quality by updating beam selections when necessary while avoiding the productivity loss associated with continuous training operations.
Data Source
AI summary
An electronic device includes a first antenna facing a first direction, a second antenna facing a second direction, and at least one processor configured to obtain a first value indicating a quality of a first signal received via a beam formed by using the first antenna and a second value indicating a quality of a second signal received via a beam formed by using the second antenna; based on identifying that a value from among the first value and the second value is greater than or equal to a reference value, enable both the first antenna and the second antenna; based on identifying that the first value is less than the reference value and is greater than or equal to the second value, enable the first antenna; and based on identifying that the second value is less than the reference value and is greater than the first value, enable the second antenna.