Directional Antenna Dipole Layout for Wideband Gain and Compact Size
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current wide band directional antennas are bulky and suffer from mutual inductance issues between dipoles, limiting their frequency band coverage, especially at lower frequencies for 4G and 5G communication standards, and compact alternatives often fail to cover all necessary bands.
Innovation Solution
A compact wide band directional antenna design featuring a plurality of dipoles with specific configurations, including reflector and director circuits made of insulating material with deposited conductive elements, allowing for efficient impedance adjustment and gain across multiple frequency bands from below 1000 MHz to several thousand MHz.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional wide band directional antennas are designed to cover multiple frequency bands, then frequency band coverage is improved, but dimensions become considerable and mutual inductance currents increase
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna divides the dipole structure into multiple separate dipole elements (first dipole, second dipole, third dipole, fourth dipole) arranged in a specific configuration. Each dipole contributes to different frequency bands, allowing the antenna to cover wide bandwidth without requiring a single large structure. This segmentation enables compact overall dimensions while maintaining multi-band coverage capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna employs a nested arrangement where multiple dipole elements are positioned in close proximity with specific spacing relationships. The dipoles are arranged such that smaller frequency band elements are effectively nested within the spatial envelope of larger frequency band elements, achieving multi-band coverage in a compact volume without significant mutual inductance interference.
2Ease of manufacture
If compact antenna dimensions are used, then ease of installation and material usage are improved, but frequency band coverage is limited especially at lower frequencies
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna uses asymmetric dipole configurations with different lengths and orientations. The first and second dipoles have different dimensions from the third and fourth dipoles, allowing each element to be optimized for specific frequency ranges. This asymmetric design enables compact overall dimensions while maintaining coverage of lower frequency bands through the longer dipole elements.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna transitions from traditional linear dipole arrangements to a three-dimensional configuration with dipoles oriented in different spatial directions and planes. This dimensional arrangement allows compact footprint while maintaining effective electrical length for lower frequency coverage through vertical and diagonal orientations that increase the effective radiating path without increasing horizontal dimensions.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple dipoles are used to cover multiple frequency bands, then frequency versatility is improved, but mutual inductance currents between dipoles increase causing band narrowing
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna introduces parasitic elements (reflectors and directors) that act as intermediaries between the driven dipoles. These parasitic elements are not directly connected to the feed line but are positioned to control the electromagnetic fields and reduce mutual coupling between adjacent dipoles. This intermediary arrangement maintains frequency band separation and prevents harmful mutual inductance currents while preserving multi-band coverage.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna design incorporates specific spacing and orientation relationships between dipoles that are predetermined to minimize mutual inductance effects across the operating frequency range. The geometric arrangement is pre-optimized so that dipoles operating at different frequencies naturally exhibit reduced coupling, allowing wide band coverage without requiring active compensation or tuning during operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antenna achieves high gain levels and maintains good impedance adjustment across multiple frequency bands, including lower frequencies, while maintaining compact dimensions, enhancing usability for various communication services including 4G and 5G standards.
Implementation Method 1
a middle element 2 comprises at least one dipole circuit 21 connected to a transmission line 4
Data Source
AI summary
A wide band directional antenna includes three elements which are partially aligned, electrically isolated from each other, of which a lower element includes at least one reflector circuit, a middle element comprises at least one dipole circuit connected to a transmission line, and an upper element includes a director circuit, wherein the dipole circuit includes at least one first pair of conductive elements, suitable for forming a minor dipole connected to the transmission line, and at least one second pair of electrically isolated conductive elements, excited with capacitive effect by the minor dipole, in such a way as to form a major dipole.