Disperse dyes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional disperse dyes fail to maintain excellent fastness properties, particularly light fastness and washing fastness, when used on blended fabrics made from fine denier polyester fibers or fibers blended with polyurethane, nylon, and wool.
Innovation Solution
Development of disperse azo dyes with specific chemical structures, such as those defined in Formula (4), which are synthesized by diazotization of primary aromatic amines and coupling with specialized components, offering enhanced washing and light fastness properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional disperse dyes are used for dyeing fine denier polyester fiber or blended fabrics, then the dyeing process is simple and cost-effective, but the washing fastness and light fastness properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by systematically modifying the chemical structure of disperse azo dyes through varying substituents (Y, Z, R3, R4) at different positions of the molecular framework. This structural parameter optimization enhances the dye's affinity and bonding with fine denier polyester fibers and blended fabrics, thereby improving washing fastness and light fastness while maintaining reasonable structural complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material principles by creating disperse azo dyes with complex multi-component molecular structures that combine different functional groups and substituents. These composite dye structures provide multiple interaction mechanisms with the fiber substrate, resulting in superior fastness properties compared to simpler conventional disperse dyes
2Reliability
If conventional disperse dyes are used for dyeing blended fabrics, then the dyeing process remains straightforward, but the light fastness and sublimation fastness properties worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent improves light fastness by changing molecular parameters through introducing specific substituents (such as chlorine, nitro, methyl, ethyl, and butyl groups) at strategic positions on the azo dye structure. These parameter modifications enhance the dye's resistance to photodegradation and sublimation while maintaining manageable structural complexity for practical application
3Reliability
If disperse dyes are optimized for fine denier polyester fiber, then washing fastness improves, but the dye structure becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent balances washing fastness improvement with manufacturing ease by making targeted parameter changes to the dye structure - specifically modifying substituents at key positions (Y, Z, R3, R4) that provide maximum fastness enhancement with minimal increase in synthesis complexity. The systematic approach allows for controlled optimization without excessive structural complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The disperse azo dyes provide excellent washing and light fastness on polyester fibers and their blends, as demonstrated by improved performance in fastness tests such as AATCC 61 2A, ISO 105 B02, and sublimation tests, outperforming comparative dyes in terms of quality.
Implementation Method 1
disperse dyes are used for dyeing synthetic fibers and its blend with other fibers such as cellulose, polyurethane, nylon and wool by usual exhaust dyeing, continuous dyeing and printing techniques
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention is directed to a disperse dye of formula (1) Wherein, X, Y and Z are, independently, hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro or SO2F; Wherein at least one of X, Y and Z is SO2F. R1 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl or NHR4; R2 is hydrogen, chloro or methoxy; R3 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl or -CH2 (CH2)nCOOCH2CN; R5 is hydrogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl or -CH2 (CH2)mCOOCH2CN; R4 is -COCH3,-CO C2H5, -SO2CH3 or SO2C2H5; n and m are independently 0,1 or 2. with the proviso: - When, Y and Z both are Cl, R1 is other than methyl. - When, R2 is Hydrogen and R3, R4 both are alkyl, R1 is selected from NHSO2CH3 or NHSO2C2H5. Disperse dyes of Formula (I) have excellent washing fastness and light fastness on polyester fiber and polyester blends.