Display Border Gain Mapping for Rounded-Edge Artifact Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electronic displays with non-rectangular regions face issues with perceived image quality due to visual artifacts like color fringing and aliasing along borders, caused by sub-pixel layouts and the need for adjusting rectangular image data to fit these regions.

Innovation Solution

A display pipeline processes image data by applying programmable border gain values and determining gain values based on distance from rounded borders, using a compressed gain map to reduce visual artifacts and improve processing efficiency, which includes a run map, position map, and gain value map for efficient compression and access.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a black mask is applied at pixel positions outside the display region to adjust rectangular image data for non-rectangular displays, then the image data can be adapted to the display region shape, but visual artifacts such as color fringing and aliasing occur along the borders

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage data adaptation to non-rectangular display regionVSAvoidvisual artifacts (color fringing and aliasing)
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different gain values to different pixel positions based on their proximity to the display region border. Pixels closer to the border receive different gain adjustments than pixels farther away, creating a gradient effect that locally modifies image data quality at border regions while preserving overall image integrity. This resolves the contradiction by making the adaptation localized rather than uniform.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the luminance parameter of pixels near the border by applying gain values derived from a compressed gain map. This parameter change adjusts the brightness of border-adjacent pixels to prevent color fringing and aliasing artifacts, thereby improving image quality at the problematic border regions while maintaining adaptability to non-rectangular display shapes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If gain values are stored in an uncompressed gain map for each pixel position, then complete gain information is available for all pixels, but memory usage and processing overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegain value precision for each pixel positionVSAvoidmemory storage requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the gain map data into multiple compressed representations that can be efficiently stored and selectively accessed. Instead of storing complete gain values for every pixel, the system divides the gain information into manageable segments that reduce memory requirements while preserving the necessary precision for accurate gain application at each pixel position.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a compressed gain map that stores gain information in a reduced format, effectively creating a compact copy of the full gain data. This compressed representation maintains the essential gain characteristics needed for artifact reduction while occupying significantly less memory space, thus resolving the contradiction between precision and storage quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Manufacturing precision

If processing is performed in real-time for each pixel position, then image quality can be optimized dynamically, but processing time and computational complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage quality optimizationVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent pre-computes gain values and stores them in a compressed gain map during a preliminary processing stage. This allows the system to avoid performing complex calculations for each pixel during real-time display operations. Instead, the pre-computed gain values are quickly retrieved and applied, maintaining image quality optimization while significantly reducing real-time processing time and computational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3893234A1Electronic display border gain systems and methods
Publication Date: 2021.10.13 APPLE INC
  • EP3893234A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3893234A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3893234A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems and methods for improving perceived image quality of an electronic display, which includes a display region with a rounded border and a display pixel at a pixel position adjacent the rounded border. A display pipeline communicatively coupled to the electronic display receives first image data that indicates target luminance at the pixel position in a rectangular image frame; determines a gain value associated with the pixel position from a gain map, in which the gain value is inversely proportional to distance between the display pixel and the rounded border; determines second image data that indicates target luminance of the display pixel by processing the first image data based at least in part on the gain value; and outputs the second image data to the electronic display to facilitate displaying a non-rectangular portion of the image frame on the display region.