Display Stack Structure Thickness for Sensor Integration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional display apparatuses face challenges in minimizing the bezel width to enhance user focus on the image screen while integrating infrared sensors effectively, as existing designs struggle to optimize light transmittance for both visible and infrared rays across the display area.
Innovation Solution
The display apparatus incorporates a substrate with distinct stack structures for display and transmission areas, featuring a capping layer and light extraction layer with varying thicknesses and refractive indices to improve light extraction efficiency, specifically enhancing infrared ray transmittance in the sensor area while maintaining visible ray transmittance in the display area.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If the bezel width is reduced to enhance user focus on the image screen, then the display area is increased, but the infrared sensor integration becomes more difficult due to limited space for light transmission
Solution Approach 1:
The display area is segmented into a first area (display region) and a second area (sensor region), allowing independent optimization of each zone. The first area maintains standard display characteristics while the second area is configured with modified stack structures to enable infrared transmission, thus resolving the conflict between maximizing display area and accommodating sensor integration.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the display apparatus are assigned different optical properties. The first area uses conventional stack structures optimized for visible light display, while the second area employs modified stack structures with adjusted thickness and refractive indices optimized for infrared transmission. This local differentiation allows both display functionality and sensor integration to coexist in a minimized bezel design.
2Illumination intensity
If the stack structure thickness is increased to improve light extraction efficiency, then visible ray transmittance is enhanced, but infrared ray transmittance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The stack structures in the first area and second area are configured with different thickness parameters and refractive indices. The first area stack structures are optimized for visible light extraction efficiency, while the second area stack structures are specifically designed with modified dimensions and material properties to maximize infrared transmission, thereby resolving the trade-off between visible and infrared optical performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The thickness and refractive index parameters of the stack structures are varied between different regions. By changing these physical parameters locally, the optical performance is optimized for different wavelength ranges - visible light in the first area and infrared in the second area - eliminating the need to compromise either performance metric.
3Ease of manufacture
If the stack structure is made uniform across the entire display area, then manufacturing is simplified, but optical performance varies suboptimally for both display and sensor functions
Solution Approach 1:
The display area is divided into functionally distinct first and second areas with different stack structure configurations. This segmentation allows each region to be optimized for its specific function (display vs. sensor transmission) while maintaining a systematic manufacturing approach that can handle the two types of structures through standardized process variations.
Solution Approach 2:
Rather than using a uniform stack structure throughout, the invention implements local quality variations where stack structures in the first area have different thickness and refractive index properties compared to those in the second area. This approach maintains manufacturing feasibility through controlled process variations while achieving superior optical performance for both display and sensor functions in their respective regions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration achieves improved light transmittance in the sensor area for infrared rays and the display area for visible rays, allowing for effective integration of sensors and enhanced image quality without compromising the bezel's minimal width.
Implementation Method 1
a refractive index of the light extraction layer is less than a refractive index of the capping layer and a refractive index of the first inorganic encapsulation layer
Data Source
AI summary
A display apparatus includes a substrate including a display area and a sensor area, the display area including main pixels and the sensor area including auxiliary pixels and a transmission area, a plurality of display elements included in each of the main pixels and each of the auxiliary pixels, a first stack structure overlapping the plurality of display elements, a second stack structure overlapping the transmission area, and a thin film encapsulation layer covering the first stack structure and the second stack structure, wherein the first stack structure has a thickness that is different from a thickness of the second stack structure.