Display Insulating Stack With Trench for Forward Light Refraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing display apparatuses face challenges in improving light emission efficiency while maintaining a thin and lightweight design, particularly in light-emitting diodes, due to limitations in refractive index management and structural design of insulating layers.
Innovation Solution
A multi-layered insulating structure with varying refractive indices and a forward-tapered slope in the insulating layers is employed, along with a trench design in the first insulating layer, to enhance light refraction and emission efficiency without increasing thickness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a multi-layered insulating structure with varying refractive indices is employed, then light refraction and emission efficiency is enhanced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The insulating layer is divided into multiple sub-layers (first, second, third insulating layers) with different refractive indices. Each layer serves a specific optical function in refractioning light from the light-emitting diode, improving light extraction efficiency while managing the complexity through functional segmentation
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the insulating structure have different refractive indices tailored to their specific locations. The first insulating layer has a higher refractive index than the second and third layers, creating localized optical properties that optimize light refraction at each interface without requiring uniform complexity throughout the entire structure
2Productivity
If the insulating layer includes a forward-tapered slope, then light is refracted in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The insulating layer incorporates a forward-tapered slope with a specific angle range (40° to 80°) that creates a curved refraction path for light. This geometric curvature optimizes light extraction by directing more light perpendicular to the substrate, while the specified angle range provides manufacturing tolerances that balance performance with fabricability
Solution Approach 2:
The slope angle of the forward-tapered structure is optimized within a specific parameter range (40° to 80°). This parameter optimization allows the structure to achieve effective light refraction while maintaining compatibility with standard manufacturing processes, avoiding excessively tight tolerances
3Productivity
If the first insulating layer has a higher refractive index than the second and third layers, then light refraction is improved, but material selection and deposition complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The refractive index parameter is systematically varied across the insulating layers, with the first layer having a higher index than the second and third layers. This gradient parameter change creates optimal refraction conditions at each interface, improving light extraction efficiency while providing a clear material selection criterion that simplifies the overall design process
Solution Approach 2:
The insulating structure uses composite material layers with different refractive indices arranged in a specific sequence. This composite structure leverages the optical properties of different materials to achieve superior light refraction and extraction, while the defined layer sequence (higher index first, then lower indices) provides a straightforward fabrication approach
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed structure improves front light emission efficiency by refracting light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, enhancing display performance while maintaining the apparatus's thin and lightweight characteristics.
Implementation Method 1
A first refractive index of the first insulating layer may be greater than each of a second refractive index of the second insulating layer and a third refractive index of the third insulating layer
Data Source
AI summary
A display apparatus includes: a first electrode; a bank layer defining a first opening which overlaps the first electrode in a plan view; an emission layer which overlaps the first electrode through the first opening; a second electrode on the emission layer; an encapsulation layer on the second electrode; a first insulating layer on the encapsulation layer, where the first insulating layer includes a first portion overlapping the first opening and defines a trench surrounding the first portion; a touch electrode on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer on the touch electrode and defining a second opening which overlaps the first opening; and a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer.