Distributed Database Transaction Processing via GPS Atomic Clock Synchronization
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Solution Overview
Problem
In distributed database systems, the central transaction node often becomes a bottleneck and single point of failure due to increased data processing demands, as it generates unique transaction IDs and timestamps, leading to inefficiencies in managing conflicting transactions.
Innovation Solution
A distributed database transaction processing method utilizing a GPS atomic clock server to synchronize local times across node servers, determining conflicting transactions by their start times and processing them in chronological order, with the option to restart transactions if their intervals are within a predefined threshold.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a global central transaction node is used to generate unique transaction IDs and timestamps, then transaction management is centralized and simple, but the central node becomes a bottleneck and single point of failure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the centralized transaction management function into distributed components. Each node server independently generates transaction IDs and timestamps using its local synchronized time, eliminating the single central node. This segmentation distributes the workload and removes the bottleneck while maintaining transaction management capabilities across multiple nodes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the time synchronization dependency from the central transaction node to external GPS atomic clock servers. By having nodes synchronize with independent external time sources, the system removes the central node's role as the sole authority for time and transaction ID generation, thereby eliminating it as a single point of failure.
2Ease of operation
If a global central transaction node is used to generate unique transaction IDs and timestamps, then transaction coordination is simplified, but processing throughput is reduced due to bottleneck effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the transaction ID generation and timestamping functions from the central node to individual node servers. Each node independently performs these functions using its locally synchronized time, allowing parallel processing of transactions without central node bottlenecks, thereby increasing throughput while maintaining coordination through the standardized time synchronization mechanism.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables node servers to self-generate transaction IDs and timestamps using their own locally synchronized time from GPS atomic clocks. This self-service capability eliminates the need for nodes to request time and ID allocation from a central node, removing the bottleneck and increasing processing throughput while maintaining transaction coordination through the standardized time reference.
3Measurement precision
If GPS atomic clock servers are used for time synchronization, then time precision is improved, but system complexity increases due to additional synchronization mechanisms
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces GPS atomic clock servers as intermediary time sources that node servers synchronize with. These intermediaries provide highly precise time references without requiring direct complex synchronization between all nodes, thereby achieving high time precision while managing system complexity through standardized intermediary time sources.
4Reliability
If transactions are processed in chronological order based on start times, then transaction consistency is improved, but processing delays increase due to sequential processing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary actions by having node servers pre-synchronize their local times with GPS atomic clock servers before transaction processing. This preliminary time synchronization ensures that transaction start times are accurately recorded and ordered, enabling consistent chronological processing without requiring real-time coordination delays during actual transaction execution.
Data Source
AI summary
A distributed database transaction processing method and device based on a GPS atomic clock, the method includes: receiving a plurality of transaction requests by the first node server; determining a concurrency conflict between transaction requests received by the first node server; obtaining start time of each transaction in a case that the concurrency conflict exists, wherein the start time is local time of the second node server when the transaction request is sent; and local time of the second node server is synchronized with time of the GPS atomic clock server in an area which the second node server locates; processing all transactions by the first node server according to the sequence of the start time of each transaction. Throughput of distributed database system can be increased and an arrangement complexity of servers is reduced.