Distributed Gradient Descent for Radial Power Flow Optimization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current power grid systems face challenges in optimizing power flow efficiently, especially with the integration of distributed power generation and renewable energy sources, which complicates the management of power distribution networks.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of distributed gradient projection processes using node controllers and coordinator controllers to calculate updated operating parameters through iterative gradient projection methods, enabling efficient control of power distribution networks in radial topologies, including single-phase and multiphase balanced/unbalanced networks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If distributed power generation and renewable energy sources are integrated into the power grid, then power generation diversity and energy sustainability are improved, but power flow management complexity and network control difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the power distribution network into multiple radial networks with designated coordinator nodes and ordinary nodes. Each node operates independently with local control capabilities, dividing the complex centralized management problem into manageable distributed units. This segmentation allows the system to handle diverse power generation sources while maintaining simplified local control at each node.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamic iterative gradient projection processes that continuously adapt to changing power flow conditions. The coordinator nodes dynamically update operating parameters based on real-time network state, enabling the system to accommodate variable renewable energy inputs and distributed generation while maintaining optimal power flow management.
2Reliability
If centralized control methods are used for optimal power flow, then coordination capability is improved, but computational burden and processing time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the centralized control function into distributed coordinator nodes that operate autonomously within their respective radial networks. Each coordinator node handles local optimization independently, eliminating the need for computationally intensive centralized processing while maintaining coordination through standardized parameter exchanges with ordinary nodes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces coordinator nodes as intermediary entities between ordinary nodes and the central utility system. These coordinators perform iterative gradient projection calculations locally, acting as mediators that reduce computational burden on the central system while ensuring coordinated power flow management across the distributed network.
3Productivity
If iterative gradient projection processes are implemented, then power flow optimization is improved, but computational iterations and processing complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the iterative gradient projection process into distributed computations at individual coordinator nodes. Each coordinator performs local gradient calculations and parameter updates independently, parallelizing the optimization process across multiple nodes rather than requiring sequential centralized iterations, thereby improving overall optimization efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables coordinator nodes to autonomously perform gradient projection calculations and self-adjust operating parameters based on local network conditions. Each coordinator independently computes gradients, determines update steps, and converges to optimal solutions without requiring complex external coordination, simplifying the overall computational process.
4Adaptability or versatility
If distributed control architecture is used, then system scalability and adaptability are improved, but communication overhead and coordination difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the distributed control architecture into hierarchical layers with coordinator nodes managing local radial networks and ordinary nodes executing local control. This segmentation reduces communication overhead by limiting information exchange to necessary parameters between adjacent nodes rather than requiring full-network communication, enabling scalable system expansion.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements universal coordinator nodes that perform multiple functions including gradient calculation, parameter optimization, and coordination with both upstream and downstream nodes. This multi-functionality reduces communication overhead by consolidating control operations at coordinator nodes, eliminating the need for separate specialized components and reducing overall system communication requirements.
Data Source
AI summary
Node controllers and power distribution networks in accordance with embodiments of the invention enable distributed power control. One embodiment includes a node controller comprising a memory containing: a plurality of node operating parameters; and a plurality of node operating parameters describing operating parameters for a set of at least one node selected from the group consisting of at least one downstream node and at least one upstream node; wherein the processor is configured by the node controller application to: receive and store in memory a plurality of coordinator parameters describing operating parameters of a node coordinator by the network interface; and calculate updated node operating parameters using an iterative gradient projection process to determine updated node parameters using node operating parameters that describe operating parameters of node and operating parameters of the set of at least one node, where each iteration is determined by the coordinator parameters.