Distributed Layer-2 Switch Topology for Smart City Networks
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing Smart City network technologies face challenges in providing flexible, high-performance connectivity in harsh outdoor environments, requiring minimal wiring and equipment, while supporting a large number of users and devices with strict timing and synchronization needs.
Innovation Solution
A distributed network topology structured as a mesh of daisy-chains with managed switches using Virtual Distributed Network Configurator (VDNC) for software management, providing robust industrial and urban Ethernet networks with redundancy, low latency, and high timing determinism.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional fiber-based LAN with three switching hierarchies is implemented, then network reliability and connectivity are improved, but device complexity and installation complexity increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the traditional three-switching-hierarchy network into a distributed layer-2 topology where multiple daisy-chained switches operate at the same layer. Each switch in the daisy-chain is a simplified unit compared to the complex hierarchy, yet collectively they provide equivalent or superior connectivity. This segmentation reduces individual device complexity while maintaining network reliability through distributed architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a vertical three-layer switching hierarchy to a horizontal distributed layer-2 topology. Instead of routing traffic through multiple hierarchical switches (core, distribution, access), the invention uses a flat layer-2 approach where switches are distributed across the network in a daisy-chain manner. This dimensional change simplifies the network structure while improving scalability and reducing complexity.
2Adaptability or versatility
If extensive fiber infrastructure with 500 posts and 550 cables is deployed, then network coverage and connectivity are improved, but installation complexity and disruption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes existing infrastructure elements (posts, junction boxes, light poles) universal by integrating communication functionality into them. These existing structures serve dual purposes: their original function plus network connectivity. This eliminates the need to install dedicated fiber infrastructure at every location, reducing installation complexity while maintaining extensive network coverage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses existing infrastructure elements as copies or replicas of traditional network nodes. Instead of installing new fiber infrastructure, the system leverages already-deployed posts and junction boxes as network nodes. This copying approach reduces installation disruption and complexity while achieving similar or better network coverage using existing urban infrastructure.
3Reliability
If strict daisy-chain connectivity is enforced, then network timing determinism is improved, but adaptability and flexibility deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces dynamic configuration capabilities to the distributed layer-2 topology. While the physical daisy-chain structure provides timing determinism, the software-defined networking layer enables dynamic reconfiguration of logical paths, VLANs, and traffic routing. This allows the network to adapt to changing requirements while maintaining the timing benefits of the underlying physical topology.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the state of network parameters (VLAN IDs, routing tables, QoS parameters) dynamically through software control. This allows the network to maintain a simple physical daisy-chain topology for timing determinism while achieving complex logical configurations through parameter changes in the software layer, thus resolving the contradiction between physical simplicity and operational flexibility.
Data Source
AI summary
A distributed network that may include multiple links; and multiple physical nodes that in communication with each other via the multiple links, to form multiple redundant paths, wherein at least some of the redundant paths form a daisy chain; wherein the multiple physical nodes comprise output ports configured to interface with external hosts. The multiple physical nodes are configured to supports software defined networking (SDN).