Distributed Multi-Node Low-Frequency Radar for Degraded Visual Environments

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional radar systems face challenges in providing high-resolution maps in inclement weather due to backscatter and absorption issues, especially at low altitudes where aircraft must navigate through obstacles and adverse weather conditions.

Innovation Solution

A distributed, multi-node low-frequency radar system that uses a network of receivers to process radar signals, combining time delay, doppler shift, and phase comparison calculations to refine range and angular position data, filtering out false returns and backscatter, thereby generating accurate radar maps even in degraded visual environments.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional radar systems operate in inclement weather, then they can detect obstacles, but backscatter and absorption reduce measurement precision

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobstacle detection capabilityVSAvoidradar map resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The radar system is divided into multiple distributed receivers that independently process radar returns. Each receiver captures signals from different spatial perspectives, allowing the system to segment the overall detection task and combine results to improve precision while maintaining reliability in inclement weather

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple radar receivers are combined into a distributed network that processes signals collectively. By merging data from multiple receivers and applying coalescing algorithms, the system achieves higher measurement precision and resolves backscatter issues that affect conventional single-receiver systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Reliability

If low-frequency radar signals are used, then penetration through inclement weather improves, but angular resolution deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveweather penetration capabilityVSAvoidangular position accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system transitions from single-receiver angular measurement to multi-receiver spatial dimension analysis. By distributing receivers across multiple locations and analyzing phase differences across this spatial dimension, the system recovers angular resolution that would otherwise be lost due to low-frequency operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational parameters by using low-frequency radar signals that can penetrate inclement weather, then compensates for the resulting angular resolution loss through distributed receiver geometry and phase comparison algorithms, effectively adapting the system to maintain precision despite frequency changes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If a distributed network of receivers is used, then radar map accuracy improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradar map accuracyVSAvoidsystem architecture
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The complex processing task is segmented and distributed across multiple receivers, with each receiver performing independent signal processing. This segmentation allows the system to achieve high accuracy through collective processing while managing complexity by dividing the overall function into manageable independent units

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Each receiver in the distributed network is designed as a universal, multi-functional unit capable of receiving, processing, and transmitting radar signals independently. This universality simplifies the overall system architecture by using identical standardized components rather than specialized unique elements, reducing complexity while maintaining precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves high-resolution radar mapping in inclement weather conditions by filtering out inaccuracies and backscatter, providing improved navigation for low-altitude aircraft operations, similar to high-frequency radar systems but without their weather-related limitations.

Implementation Method 1

Radar systems transmit radio frequencies and receive the radio signal and use the time delay and doppler shift of the radio signal to determine a location and/or velocity of objects in the environment of the aircraft operating the radar system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadar: Radar

Implementation Method 2

use the time delay and doppler shift of the radio signal to determine a location and/or velocity of objects

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDoppler shift: Doppler Effect

Implementation Method 3

determine a first range and a first angular position of a background point based on a return time detected at each radar receiver

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime delay measurement: Time of Flight

Implementation Method 4

refine the first and second angular position of the background point by at least coalescing the return time, the constant doppler calculations and phase shift calculations

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase comparison: Phase Modulation

Data Source

PatentEP3642645B1Methods and apparatus for distributed, multi-node, low-frequency radar systems for degraded visual environments
Publication Date: 2023.12.13 GE AVIATION SYSTEMS LLC
  • EP3642645B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3642645B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3642645B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for distributed, multi-node, low frequency radar systems for degraded visual environments. An example system includes a transmitter to transmit a radar signal. The example system includes a distributed network of radar receivers to receive the radar signal at each receiver. The example system includes a processor to determine a first range and a first angular position of a background point based on return time, wherein the first range and the first angular position are included in first data; determine a second range and a second angular position of the background point based on doppler shift, wherein the second range and the second angular position are included in second data; determine a refined range and a refined angular position, wherein the refined range and refined angular position are included in third data, and generate a radar map based on third data.