Distributed Sensing Fiber for Hydraulic Engineering Damage Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current monitoring technologies in hydraulic engineering lack effective detection of internal fractures and damage in materials due to limitations in sensing fiber technology and acoustic emission methods, leading to potential safety hazards and increased costs.
Innovation Solution
A distributed sensing fiber acoustic emission apparatus that integrates femtosecond laser optical frequency comb technology with acoustic emission technology, using a fiber-carrying laying module and a fiber acoustic emission module to enable spatial orientation, whole-course distributed detection, and high spatial resolution monitoring through Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If piezoelectric ceramic acoustic emission detection method is used, then acoustic emission detection capability is achieved, but system complexity increases with large system size and many cables
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines acoustic emission detection technology with fiber optic sensing technology into an integrated system. The fiber optic cable serves dual purposes as both communication medium and sensing element, merging previously separate detection systems into a unified structure that reduces overall system complexity while maintaining detection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces traditional piezoelectric ceramic sensors with fiber optic-based sensing technology. This substitution eliminates the need for complex mechanical cable connections and large system components, using optical fields instead of electrical fields to achieve acoustic emission detection with reduced system size.
2Reliability
If piezoelectric ceramic acoustic emission detection method is used, then acoustic emission detection is possible, but anti-electronic logging interference ability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces electrical sensing mechanisms with optical sensing mechanisms. Fiber optic sensors use light propagation instead of electrical signals, making the system inherently immune to electromagnetic logging interference while maintaining acoustic emission detection capability.
3Reliability
If fiber bragg grating acoustic emission testing system is used, then acoustic emission detection is achieved, but monitoring coverage is limited to point mode
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the fiber optic cable into multiple sensing segments along its length, enabling distributed sensing. Each segment can independently detect acoustic emission events, transforming the system from point-mode monitoring to continuous distributed monitoring along the entire cable route.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from discrete point monitoring to continuous spatial monitoring along the fiber cable. This adds a spatial dimension to the monitoring coverage, allowing detection events to be localized at any position along the cable length rather than at fixed points.
4Adaptability or versatility
If conventional fiber sensing technology is used, then sensing function is provided, but spatial resolution and detecting precision are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the operating parameters of the fiber sensing system by using specific laser wavelengths and modulation techniques. This enables precise measurement of acoustic emission events with high spatial resolution by optimizing the sensing parameters rather than simply increasing system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus provides advanced monitoring capabilities with multi-stage time delay and multi-acoustic wave vibration frequency detection, allowing for precise identification of damage and reducing monitoring costs while enhancing engineering safety and reliability.
Implementation Method 1
a femtosecond laser optical frequency comb technology and acoustic emission technology
Implementation Method 2
the fiber sensing technology of Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering
Implementation Method 3
the fiber sensing technology of Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering
Implementation Method 4
The material may release elastic energy in damage, the elastic energy is transmitted in the form of elastic wave in the material, and the elastic wave is called acoustic emission wave
Data Source
AI summary
A distributed sensing fiber acoustic emission apparatus and method for monitoring a hydraulic engineering safety behavior includes a fiber-carrying laying module and a fiber acoustic emission module. The fiber-carrying laying module includes an inner supporter, mesh modules and fiber-carrying modules, the inner supporter, the mesh modules and the fiber-carrying modules form a cylindrical shape. The cross section of the inner supporter is in a quadrangle inner-concave shape with the four edges concaved, the four surfaces of the inner supporter are concaved, the mesh modules having a plurality of meshes are respectively disposed in the four concave surfaces of the inner supporter, and the fiber-carrying module is arranged between every two adjacent mesh modules.