High Energy Density Capacitor with Diamond Like Carbon Interlayer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Devices using BaTiO3 particles in a PET matrix are prone to catastrophic breakdown due to uneven density leading to lower breakdown voltage, exacerbated by residual heating effects, limiting the maximum applied voltage and energy storage capability.
Innovation Solution
A thin layer of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) with high breakdown voltage and heat conductivity is inserted between the electrode and dielectric material, and BaTiO3 is encased in low melting temperature glass to improve reliability and orientation, while maintaining high dielectric constant.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If BaTiO3 particles are densely packed in PET matrix to achieve high dielectric constant, then energy storage capability is improved, but susceptibility to catastrophic breakdown increases due to uneven density and lower breakdown voltage
Solution Approach 1:
A thin layer of electrically insulating material with high breakdown voltage (such as Diamond Like Carbon or sputtered dielectric layers) is inserted between the electrode and the BaTiO3/PET dielectric material. This intermediary layer acts as a protective barrier that prevents direct electrical breakdown at the electrode-dielectric interface, thereby maintaining high energy storage capability while significantly improving reliability and preventing catastrophic failure.
Solution Approach 2:
The device employs a composite structure combining multiple materials: BaTiO3 particles in PET matrix for high dielectric constant, supplemented by additional dielectric layers (such as DLC or sputtered dielectrics) with superior breakdown voltage properties. This composite approach leverages the strengths of each material to achieve both high energy storage and enhanced reliability.
2Quantity of substance
If high voltage is applied to orient BaTiO3 particles to achieve high dielectric constant, then energy density is improved, but residual heating effects increase which limits maximum applied voltage
Solution Approach 1:
The thin insulating layer with high thermal conductivity (such as Diamond Like Carbon) serves as a thermal management intermediary between the electrode and dielectric material. This layer facilitates efficient heat dissipation from the dielectric material, reducing residual heating effects and enabling higher applied voltages to be sustained without thermal limitations.
3Use of energy by moving object
If thin layer of dielectric material is used to achieve high field strength for particle orientation, then energy storage is improved, but breakdown voltage margin decreases leading to local current breakdown
Solution Approach 1:
The device uses a composite dielectric structure where a thin layer of BaTiO3/PET material provides high field strength for particle orientation and energy storage, while an additional thin layer of high breakdown voltage material (DLC or sputtered dielectric) provides a safety margin against breakdown. This composite approach maintains thin overall structure for high energy density while incorporating materials with superior breakdown resistance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution significantly enhances the breakdown voltage, reduces residual heating, and increases energy storage density, allowing for safer operation and higher energy storage capacity.
Implementation Method 1
a thin layer of an electrically insulating material with a high breakdown voltage and very good heat conductivity between the electrode and the dielectric material
Implementation Method 2
very good heat conductivity
Implementation Method 3
very small particles of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) coated with a layer of Alumina (Al2O3) can have very high dielectric constants (values near 20,000) when they are preferentially oriented by an external electric field
Implementation Method 4
encasing the BaTiO3 in a low melting temperature glass (LMG)
Implementation Method 5
Capacitors are devices that store electrical energy on a dielectric material between two conductive electrodes
Data Source
AI summary
A device and method for providing electrical energy storage of high specific energy density. The device contains one or more layers of high dielectric constant material, such as Barium Titanate or Hexagonal Barium Titanate, sandwiched between electrode layers made up of a variety of possible conducting materials. The device includes additional insulating layers including carbon, such as carbon formed into diamond or a diamond-like arrangement for providing between the electrodes and the dielectric layer to provide for very high breakdown voltages. The layers can be created by a variety of methods including laser deposition and assembled to form a capacitor device provides the high energy density storage.