DNA Methylation Biomarker System for Mortality Prediction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for determining biological age and predicting mortality based on DNA methylation markers are limited in their ability to independently predict all-cause mortality beyond chronological age and traditional risk factors.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating blood cell composition information into DNA methylation-based biomarker estimates, specifically using weighted averages of methylation levels from naive cytotoxic T cells, exhausted cytotoxic T cells, and plasma B cells, to enhance predictive power for mortality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If DNA methylation-based biomarkers are used to estimate biological age, then the predictive power for mortality is improved, but the ability to independently predict all-cause mortality beyond chronological age and traditional risk factors is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepredictive power for mortalityVSAvoidindependent prediction capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines DNA methylation-based biological age estimates with blood cell composition data (specifically naive cytotoxic T cells, exhausted cytotoxic T cells, and plasma B cells) to create a composite predictor. This merging of multiple biomarker types enhances the independent predictive capability for all-cause mortality while maintaining the improved measurement precision of biological age estimation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Measurement precision

If blood cell composition information is incorporated into DNA methylation-based biomarker estimates, then the predictive power for mortality is enhanced, but the complexity of the biomarker system increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepredictive power for mortalityVSAvoidbiomarker system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the complex biomarker system into distinct measurable components: DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites and blood cell composition parameters. By dividing the overall assessment into these separable segments, the system achieves enhanced predictive power while maintaining manageable complexity through standardized measurement protocols for each component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If weighted averages of methylation levels from specific cell types are used, then the estimation of biological age and epigenetic age acceleration becomes more accurate, but the difficulty of detecting and measuring increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of biological age estimationVSAvoidmeasurement complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses blood cell composition data as an intermediary to bridge DNA methylation measurements and biological age estimation. The weighted averages of methylation levels from specific cell types (naive cytotoxic T cells, exhausted cytotoxic T cells, plasma B cells) serve as intermediate variables that translate complex epigenetic patterns into accurate biological age estimates while providing a structured measurement framework.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The approach significantly improves the predictive power of DNA methylation-based biomarkers for mortality, providing a more accurate estimation of biological age and epigenetic age acceleration, thereby identifying individuals at higher risk of all-cause mortality.

Implementation Method 1

measuring a methylation level of a set of methylation markers that allow one to estimate certain cell types in an individual

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDNA methylation:

Data Source

PatentEP3494210B1DNA methylation based predictor of mortality
Publication Date: 2024.10.09 RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
  • EP3494210B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1H
  • EP3494210B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP3494210B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

A method for determining the epigenetic age acceleration of an individual comprising measuring a methylation level of a set of methylation markers in genomic DNA of an individual. An epigenetic age of the individual is determined based on the measured methylation level. An epigenetic age of the individual is further determined based on a methylation derived weighted average cell count of naive cytotoxic T cells and exhausted cytotoxic T cells in the individual. The determined epigenetic age is then compared to a chronological age of the individual to determine an epigenetic age acceleration of the individual. Instances wherein the epigenetic age is greater than the chronological age of the individual is an indication of an increased risk of all-cause mortality.