Carrier Group Composition for Accurate DNA Synthesis
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for synthesizing DNA strands, such as phosphoramidite solid phase synthesis and chip-based chemical DNA synthesis, are limited in their ability to accurately and efficiently attach nucleotides in a specific sequence, leading to potential errors that can impair DNA functionality.
Innovation Solution
A composition of matter that includes a payload group attached to a molecular chain via a carrier group, which can transition between loaded and empty states through selective cleavage, allowing for precise attachment and confirmation of nucleotides using a signaling group that emits a signature photon upon interrogation, enabling error correction and efficient assembly of DNA strands.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If standard phosphoramidite solid phase synthesis is used to attach nucleotides, then the synthesis process can proceed, but errors occur in nucleotide attachment that impair DNA functionality
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements real-time monitoring of nucleotide attachment through signaling groups that generate detectable signals (fluorescence, electrochemical responses) when nucleotides are successfully attached. This feedback mechanism allows the system to verify each attachment event and trigger error correction protocols when failures are detected, thereby improving both reliability and manufacturing precision of DNA synthesis
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces traditional mechanical/chemical phosphoramidite coupling methods with enzyme-mediated nucleotide attachment using polymerases or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). This substitution enables more accurate and controllable nucleotide incorporation, reducing errors while maintaining synthesis capability
2Reliability
If traditional DNA synthesis methods are used, then DNA strands can be synthesized, but error correction is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously monitors nucleotide attachment through signaling groups and uses this feedback information to identify and correct errors in real-time, enabling error correction capability that was absent in traditional methods
Solution Approach 2:
The patent integrates multiple functions into a single synthesis platform: nucleotide attachment, real-time monitoring via signaling groups, error detection, and error correction all occur within the same system. This multi-functionality adds complexity but enables comprehensive error correction that improves DNA functionality
3Productivity
If rapid DNA synthesis is pursued, then productivity increases, but accuracy and error rates worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The real-time feedback from signaling groups allows the system to verify nucleotide attachment immediately, enabling rapid synthesis while maintaining accuracy through continuous monitoring and error correction
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary verification of nucleotide attachment through signaling groups before proceeding to the next nucleotide addition. This preliminary action ensures accuracy is maintained even as synthesis speed increases, preventing error accumulation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method allows for the rapid and reliable synthesis of DNA strands with thousands of nucleotides, ensuring high accuracy and functionality by confirming each nucleotide attachment and enabling the assembly of long DNA strands with minimal errors.
Implementation Method 1
The signaling group includes a fluorophore
Implementation Method 2
a signaling group that emits a signature photon upon interrogation
Implementation Method 3
the carrier group transitions to the empty state via electrochemical cleavage of the first covalent bond
Implementation Method 4
it does so as a result of a change in oxidation state of the carrier group
Implementation Method 5
it does so as a result of acceptance of an electron either by the carrier group or by the blocking group
Data Source
AI summary
A composition for use in extending a molecular chain includes a carrier group and a payload group. The carrier group comprising a signaling group and a blocking group. A first bond bonds the payload group to the carrier group and a second bond bonds the signaling group to the blocking group. The first and second bonds are selectively cleavable such that the first bond is cleavable without cleaving the second bond. The payload group is to be attached to the molecular chain, while the blocking group is to block further attachments to the molecular chain once the payload group has been attached. The signaling group comprises a photon emitter that emits a signature photon in response to interrogation by an interrogatory photon. The carrier group transitions from a loaded state to an empty state upon cleavage of the first covalent bond.