DNS Reflection for Data Center Performance Measurement

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Solution Overview

Problem

Determining which data center to access for a particular user is challenging due to the spread of networked service workloads across multiple geographic locations, affecting network performance and user experience.

Innovation Solution

The method involves using DNS reflection to measure network performance by reflecting DNS queries to multiple data centers, determining round-trip times and packet loss between the local DNS resolver and data centers, and maintaining records to select the optimal data center for user access based on performance metrics.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If DNS queries are reflected to multiple data centers to determine optimal access, then network performance measurement accuracy is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork performance measurement accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the DNS resolution process into multiple independent reflection paths, where each data center is queried separately. This allows parallel measurement of network performance to multiple data centers without requiring complex sequential coordination, thereby improving measurement accuracy while managing system complexity through structured division of the resolution process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The DNS reflection mechanism acts as an intermediary that automatically performs network performance measurements by reflecting queries to multiple data centers and collecting response times. This intermediary approach eliminates the need for separate dedicated measurement systems, improving accuracy through comprehensive multi-data-center sampling while keeping the overall system complexity manageable through standardized DNS protocol usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If multiple DNS reflection queries are sent to different data centers, then data center selection accuracy is improved, but communication time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata center selection accuracyVSAvoidcommunication time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements periodic DNS reflection queries to multiple data centers, measuring network performance at regular intervals. By distributing measurements across multiple periodic cycles rather than requiring all measurements to complete sequentially, the system achieves accurate data center selection through accumulated data while reducing the impact of any single query's communication time on overall performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The DNS reflection mechanism performs preliminary network performance measurements during the DNS resolution process before actual user data transfer begins. This preliminary action captures round-trip time and packet loss metrics in advance, allowing the system to pre-determine the optimal data center selection without adding communication time to the actual service delivery phase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If DNS reflection measurements are implemented across multiple data centers, then network performance optimization is improved, but implementation complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork performance optimizationVSAvoidimplementation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The DNS reflection system implements multi-functionality by using the standard DNS protocol for both domain name resolution and network performance measurement. This universal approach allows a single DNS infrastructure to serve dual purposes: routing users to appropriate data centers and simultaneously measuring network performance metrics. This eliminates the need for separate dedicated measurement systems, improving network performance optimization while managing implementation complexity through standardized protocols and existing DNS infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP2564559B1Using DNS reflection to measure network performance
Publication Date: 2020.02.26 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP2564559B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2564559B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2564559B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A top level domain name system (DNS) server receives a DNS query from a local DNS resolver, the DNS query requesting a network address corresponding to a domain name. The top level DNS server reflects the local DNS resolver to a reflector DNS server. The reflector DNS server reflects the local DNS resolver to a collector DNS server, which in turn returns the network address to the local DNS resolver. The reflector DNS server and collector DNS server are both in the same data center, and one or more network performance measurements for communications between the local DNS resolver and the data center are determined based on the communications between the local DNS resolver and both the reflector DNS server and the collector DNS server.