5G DOA Fingerprint Positioning in NLOS Environments
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional positioning technologies, especially in indoor and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, suffer from poor accuracy and reliability due to environmental and channel condition dependencies, and require extensive manual fingerprint collection for RSSI-based methods.
Innovation Solution
A 5G-signal-based direction of arrival (DOA) fingerprint-based positioning method that divides an area into micro-cells, uses massive MIMO antenna arrays to estimate and store angle information in a fingerprint database, and updates it regularly, allowing for accurate target localization by matching target angle information with the database without channel information consideration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If RSSI-based fingerprint positioning is used, then positioning can be achieved in indoor and NLOS environments, but the method requires extensive manual fingerprint collection which consumes large amounts of manpower and time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual mechanical fingerprint collection with automated DOA estimation using antenna arrays and signal processing algorithms (ESPRIT, MUSIC). The system automatically estimates angle information of reference points and targets, eliminating the need for manual RSSI measurement at each location while achieving comparable positioning reliability in NLOS environments.
2Speed
If traditional angle-of-arrival-based positioning is used, then positioning speed is fast, but positioning accuracy deteriorates in complex and NLOS environments
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary DOA estimation of reference points in advance and stores the angle information in a fingerprint database. During actual positioning, the system quickly matches the target's DOA against pre-computed reference data, achieving both fast positioning speed and improved accuracy in NLOS environments by avoiding real-time complex environment analysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a fingerprint database as an intermediary between the target and positioning result. The database stores pre-estimated DOA information of reference points, serving as a reference map that enables rapid and accurate positioning by matching target angle information against stored data, rather than directly calculating position from raw measurements.
3Measurement precision
If the number of base station antennas is increased, then positioning accuracy is improved, but system complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the antenna array into multiple sub-arrays (e.g., first and second sub-arrays) that can independently estimate DOA of signals from different directions. This segmentation enables the system to process complex multi-signal environments more effectively, improving positioning accuracy while managing system complexity through modular signal processing.
Data Source
AI summary
A 5G-signal-based DOA fingerprint-based positioning method includes the following steps: dividing an initial area into a number of micro-cells, and estimating angle information of reference points in the divided micro-cells; storing the angle information of the reference point of each micro-cell and position information of the each micro-cell in a fingerprint database, and updating the angle information in the fingerprint database at regular intervals; wherein when there is a target in the initial area, estimating angle information of the target; matching the angle information of the target with the angle information in the fingerprint database to determine a micro-cell where the target is located to obtain position information of the target, so as to locate the target.