Multi-Level Document Authentication via Hierarchical Segmentation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional pixel-based alteration detection methods for documents are computationally intensive due to high spatial resolution, making them inefficient for authenticating scanned documents compared to their original digital versions.

Innovation Solution

A multi-level image comparison method that segments documents into block, line, word, and character units, comparing these hierarchical structures to detect alterations, allowing for progressive and efficient authentication by stopping at the first detected alteration level.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If pixel-by-pixel image comparison is performed to detect alterations, then measurement precision is improved, but computational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealteration detection precisionVSAvoidcomputational complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the document image into hierarchical units (blocks, lines, words, characters) and performs comparison at multiple levels. Instead of comparing all pixels exhaustively, the system first compares block-level features, then line-level features, and finally character-level features only where needed. This segmentation approach maintains high measurement precision for alteration detection while significantly reducing computational complexity by avoiding unnecessary pixel-by-pixel comparison of entire documents.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Measurement precision

If high spatial resolution scanning is used to capture document details, then measurement precision is improved, but processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedocument detail accuracyVSAvoidauthentication processing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary extraction of hierarchical features (blocks, lines, words, characters) from the scanned document image before the actual comparison process. By pre-processing the image to identify and segment these structural elements, the system prepares the data in advance for efficient comparison. This preliminary action allows the authentication process to work with pre-segmented features rather than raw pixels, reducing processing time while maintaining the precision benefits of high-resolution scanning.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If exhaustive image comparison is performed to ensure authentication accuracy, then reliability is improved, but productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication reliabilityVSAvoiddocument authentication throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a multi-level comparison strategy where the system performs partial comparisons at each hierarchical level. It compares block-level features first, and only proceeds to line-level and character-level comparisons for blocks that show differences or are suspected of containing alterations. This partial action approach maintains high authentication reliability by thoroughly examining suspicious areas while improving productivity by avoiding exhaustive comparison of entire documents that are likely authentic.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP2341466B1Method and apparatus for authenticating printed documents using multi-level image comparison based on document characteristics
Publication Date: 2018.06.27 KONICA MINOLTA SYSTEMS LABORATORY INC
  • EP2341466B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1c
  • EP2341466B1 patent drawingFigure 2a
  • EP2341466B1 patent drawingFigure 2b

AI summary

A document authentication method compares a target document image (scanned image) with an original document image at multiple levels, such as block (e.g. paragraph, graphics, image ), line, word and character levels. The paragraph level comparison determines whether the target and original images have the same number of paragraphs and whether the paragraphs have the same sizes and locations; the line level comparison determines if the target and original images have the same number of lines and whether the lines have the same sizes and locations; etc. Document segmentation is performed on the target and original images to segment them into paragraph units, line units, etc. for purposes of the comparisons. The original document may be segmented beforehand and the segmentation information stored for later use. The authentication process may be designed to stop when alterations are detected at a higher level, so lower level comparisons are not carried out.