Reconfigurable Doherty Output Transformer for Multi-Load RF Matching

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Doherty power amplifiers require customization for specific load impedances, leading to significant engineering time and impaired RF performance when coupled to different impedances.

Innovation Solution

A Doherty power amplifier with a reconfigurable output impedance transformer that includes phase shift elements and variable capacitors, allowing it to adapt to a range of load impedances and maintain excellent RF performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a Doherty power amplifier is customized for a specific load impedance, then RF performance is improved, but device complexity and engineering time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRF performanceVSAvoidcustomization complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a reconfigurable output impedance transformer that can dynamically adjust its transformation ratio to match different load impedances. The transformer includes switchable capacitive elements that allow the impedance transformation ratio to be changed based on the connected load, enabling the amplifier to maintain optimal RF performance across multiple impedance conditions without requiring multiple custom-designed amplifiers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a universal Doherty power amplifier design that can operate with multiple different load impedances through the reconfigurable transformer. This single amplifier design serves multiple functions by adapting to different base station loads (antenna + circulator combinations), eliminating the need for separate customized amplifiers for each load condition and reducing overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If a Doherty power amplifier is designed for a known load impedance, then RF performance is optimized, but adaptability to different impedances deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRF performanceVSAvoidimpedance adaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The reconfigurable output impedance transformer dynamically changes its transformation ratio by switching capacitive elements based on the detected load impedance. This allows the amplifier to adapt to different base station loads while maintaining optimized RF performance, directly resolving the contradiction between optimization for a specific impedance and adaptability to multiple impedances.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrical parameters of the output impedance transformer by switching capacitive elements to alter the transformation ratio. This parameter change enables the transformer to match different load impedances (e.g., 50 Ohms, 75 Ohms, or other values depending on antenna and circulator combinations) while maintaining optimal RF performance across all configurations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple customized amplifier designs are created for different loads, then adaptability improves, but device complexity and engineering time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance adaptabilityVSAvoidengineering time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent develops a single universal amplifier design with a reconfigurable output impedance transformer that can handle multiple different load impedances. This eliminates the need for amplifier suppliers to create and maintain multiple customized amplifier designs for different base station loads, significantly reducing engineering time while maintaining full adaptability to various impedance conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The reconfigurable transformer provides dynamic impedance matching capability within a single amplifier design, allowing it to adapt to different loads without requiring multiple static designs. This dynamic adaptation capability achieves the same versatility as multiple customized designs but with a single unified platform, reducing development and maintenance efforts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the Doherty power amplifier to accommodate various load impedances with high peak-to-average power ratios, achieving high gain, high efficiency, and good linearity without significant insertion loss.

Implementation Method 1

The reconfigurable output impedance transformer is designed to transform a target range of load impedances, ZL, to a target impedance, ZN, at the combining node

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectImpedance transformation: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 2

The reconfigurable output impedance transformer includes a first variable capacitor coupled to an input end of the phase shift element and a second variable capacitor coupled to an output end of the phase shift element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP4651372A1Doherty power amplifier with reconfigurable output impedance transformer
Publication Date: 2025.11.19 NXP USA INC
  • EP4651372A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4651372A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4651372A1 patent drawingFigure 5A~5B

AI summary

A Doherty power amplifier includes a combining node is coupled to a carrier amplifier output and to a peaking amplifier output, and a reconfigurable output impedance transformer coupled between the combining node and a radio frequency (RF) output. The combining node is configured to combine an amplified carrier signal and an amplified peaking signal to produce a combined amplified signal. The reconfigurable output impedance transformer includes a phase shift element, a first variable capacitor, and a second variable capacitor. The phase shift element has an input end coupled to the combining node and an output end coupled to the RF output, and the phase shift element is configured to apply a phase shift to the combined amplified signal. The first variable capacitor is coupled to the input end of the first phase shift element, and the second variable capacitor coupled to the output end of the first phase shift element.