Doped Nickel Oxide Target for Uniform Hole Transport Layer Doping
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing nickel oxide targets used in perovskite solar batteries face challenges in achieving uniform doping of elements, leading to non-uniform distribution and limited improvement in the performance of hole transport layers, which affects the efficiency and stability of the batteries.
Innovation Solution
A doped nickel oxide target is developed, incorporating specific compounds like Cu, Ca, Cr, Sn, Hg, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ag, and Co, with a controlled content range, prepared using a classified plasma spraying method to ensure uniform distribution and improved electrical performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional nickel oxide targets are used without doping, then the preparation process is simple, but the hole transport layer has wide band gap and limited spectral response
Solution Approach 1:
The dopant elements (Cu, Ca, Cr, Sn, Hg, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ag, Co) are pre-incorporated into the nickel oxide target matrix before sputtering, ensuring uniform distribution of dopants throughout the target. This preliminary doping action eliminates the need for complex post-deposition doping processes and ensures consistent dopant distribution in the resulting hole transport layer
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite nickel oxide target containing multiple dopant elements simultaneously. This composite material approach allows the target to produce hole transport layers with enhanced electrical conductivity, optimized band gap, and improved spectral response by combining the beneficial effects of different dopant elements in a single sputtering process
2Productivity
If multiple dopant elements are incorporated to improve electrical performance, then conversion efficiency increases, but the target preparation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges multiple dopant incorporation steps into a single sputtering process. By loading the nickel oxide target with multiple dopant elements beforehand, the process combines what would otherwise require separate doping steps into one manufacturing operation, improving conversion efficiency while maintaining manufacturing simplicity
Solution Approach 2:
The invention optimizes specific parameters including dopant concentration ranges (0.1-20 wt%), sputtering power (100-300 W), and substrate temperature (100-300°C) to achieve the optimal balance between electrical conductivity enhancement and manufacturing feasibility, thereby improving conversion efficiency without excessive complexity
3Reliability
If dopant content is increased to enhance hole transport performance, then spectral response improves, but doping uniformity becomes difficult to maintain
Solution Approach 1:
The invention ensures that dopant distribution maintains local uniformity throughout the target by using controlled incorporation methods during target fabrication. This local quality control ensures that each region of the target produces consistent hole transport layer properties, maintaining doping uniformity even at higher overall dopant concentrations
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The doped nickel oxide target results in a narrower band gap and higher spectral response, enhancing the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar batteries by improving the hole transport layer's performance and process stability.
Implementation Method 1
a classified plasma spraying method
Implementation Method 2
a sputtering process using a nickel oxide target
Data Source
AI summary
A doped nickel oxide target includes a nickel oxide substrate and a dopant doped therein. The dopant includes at least one compound that contains one or more elements of Cu, Ca, Cr, Sn, Hg, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ag, Co, and Pr.