Doped Titanium Niobate Anodes for Fast-Charging High-Capacity Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional carbon negative electrodes in lithium batteries have issues with cycle lifetime, safety, fast charging, and low energy density, while lithium titanate offers high safety and long lifetime but low capacity, and titanium niobate has high capacity but poor electrical conductivity, limiting its application in power lithium batteries.
Innovation Solution
Doped titanium niobate with specific chemical structures and morphologies, such as Ti(1-x)M1xNb(2-y)M2yO(7-z)Qz or Ti(2-x′)M1x′Nb(10-y′)M2y′O(29-z′)Qz′, combined with lithium titanate in a composite material, to enhance electrical conductivity and capacity, and coated with carbon, oxide, or fluoride to inhibit gas generation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If titanium niobate is used as negative electrode material, then capacity and energy density are improved, but electrical conductivity deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite materials by combining titanium niobate with conductive carbon materials (such as acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, or graphene) to create a composite negative electrode. The carbon component provides the necessary electrical conductivity while the titanium niobate maintains the high capacity, thus resolving the contradiction between capacity and conductivity.
2Quantity of substance
If conventional carbon is used as negative electrode material, then capacity is maintained, but cycle lifetime and safety deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameters of the negative electrode material by transitioning from conventional carbon-based materials to titanium niobate, which has a different crystal structure and electrochemical properties. This parameter change enables long cycle lifetime and high safety while maintaining acceptable capacity through the composite approach.
3Reliability
If lithium titanate is used as negative electrode material, then safety and cycle lifetime are improved, but capacity deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges titanium niobate (which offers higher capacity than lithium titanate) with conductive carbon materials to create a composite that combines the safety and cycle lifetime characteristics of lithium titanate with the higher capacity of titanium niobate, thus resolving the capacity limitation.
4Productivity
If fast charging is implemented in conventional lithium batteries, then charging rate is improved, but energy density deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the negative electrode material parameters by using titanium niobate, which has a different voltage profile (1.6V vs. lithium) and higher capacity, enabling the battery to achieve both fast charging capability and high energy density simultaneously, unlike conventional lithium titanate-based fast charge batteries.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The doped titanium niobate composite material improves the energy density and charging rate of lithium batteries, offering higher capacity and safety, suitable for electric vehicles and consumer electronics, with enhanced performance in harsh environments.
Implementation Method 1
Doped titanium niobate, having a chemical structure of: Ti(1-x)M1xNb(2-y)M2yO(7-z)Qz or Ti(2-x′)M1x′Nb(10-y′)M2y′O(29-z′)Qz′
Implementation Method 2
surface of the doped titanium niobate is covered with carbon, oxide, or fluoride
Data Source
AI summary
Doped titanium niobate is provided, which has a chemical structure of Ti(1-x)M1xNb(2-y)M2yO(7-z)Qz or Ti(2-x′)M1x′Nb(10-y′)M2y′O(29-z′)Qz′, wherein M1 is Li, Mg, or a combination thereof; M2 is Fe, Mn, V, Ni, Cr, or a combination thereof; Q is F, Cl, Br, I, S, or a combination thereof; 0≤x≤0.15; 0≤y≤0.15; 0.01≤z≤2; 0≤x′≤0.3; 0≤y′≤0.9; and 0.01≤z′≤8.