Drill Bit Radiation Sensor for High-Resolution Formation Evaluation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing drill bits with radiation sensors struggle to provide high-resolution measurements for distinguishing between different rock formations during drilling, as these sensors are not close enough to the formation and do not provide information about the formation in front of the drill bit.

Innovation Solution

A drill bit with a radiation sensor integrated into the bit body, capable of detecting both naturally occurring gamma rays and scattered radiation induced by a source, which can be selectively activated and deactivated to improve formation property estimation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If radiation sensors are placed in the BHA away from the formation, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision deteriorates due to lower resolution in distinguishing rock formations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor placement complexityVSAvoidformation distinction resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the measurement function by placing multiple radiation sensors at different locations within the drill bit structure, including integration into cutters and the bit body, allowing each sensor to capture formation data from its specific position and contribute to overall high-resolution formation characterization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from conventional BHA-based sensing to bit-integrated sensing, adding a new spatial dimension by positioning sensors at the extreme forward edge of the drilling system, enabling measurements from the formation ahead of the bit and providing unprecedented proximity to the drilling interface

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Device complexity

If radiation sensors are placed in the BHA, then the device complexity is reduced, but information about the formation in front of the drill bit is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor system simplicityVSAvoidformation ahead information
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

Sensors integrated into the drill bit structure perform formation evaluation before the bit actually contacts and drills into the formation, enabling preliminary detection of lithology and properties of the formation ahead, allowing predictive adjustments to drilling parameters before encountering the formation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The drill bit structure itself serves as an intermediary platform, housing radiation sources and sensors in strategic positions that enable indirect measurement of the formation ahead through scattered radiation detection, bridging the gap between the drilling system and the target formation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Measurement precision

If a radiation source is activated continuously, then the measurement precision is improved through active measurement, but the energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveformation property estimation accuracyVSAvoidradiation source energy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The radiation source operates in periodic pulses rather than continuously, with each pulse followed by a measurement window, enabling active formation evaluation while reducing overall energy consumption and thermal load on the drilling system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically switches between active and passive measurement modes based on drilling conditions and formation characteristics, adjusting the radiation source activation state to optimize the balance between measurement quality and energy consumption in real-time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances the estimation of formation properties by providing high-resolution data on lithology and bed boundaries, allowing for optimized drilling parameters such as weight-on-bit and rotational speed adjustments, leading to more efficient drilling and extended drill bit life.

Implementation Method 1

detect naturally-occurring gamma rays from a formation being drilled

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGamma ray emission: Radioactive Decay

Implementation Method 2

detect scattered radiation in response to radiation induced into the formation by a source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGamma ray scattering: Compton Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP2561182B1Formation evaluation using a bit-based active radiation source and a gamma ray detector
Publication Date: 2019.06.05 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP2561182B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2561182B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2561182B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A drill bit made according to one embodiment includes a source configured to induce radiation into a formation during drilling of a wellbore and a sensor in the drill bit configured to detect radiation from the formation responsive to the radiation induced by the source. The drill bit may further include a circuit configured to process signals received from the sensor to estimate a property of the formation.