Downhole Drill Bit ROP Sensor Using Acoustic Signal Transmission

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for determining the rate of penetration (ROP) of a drill bit into a formation often differ between surface measurements and actual conditions, leading to inefficiencies in drilling operations.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating displacement sensors and measurement circuitry within the drill bit to estimate ROP by transmitting and receiving signals through the formation, using acoustic, gamma ray, or chemical tracer sensors to calculate the instantaneous ROP based on elapsed time and distance traveled.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If surface devices are used to determine ROP, then measurement coverage is extensive, but measurement precision deteriorates due to differences between surface measurements and actual downhole conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveROP measurement accuracyVSAvoiddifference between surface and downhole data
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces displacement sensors as intermediary devices positioned within the drill bit itself to directly measure formation penetration. These sensors act as mediators between the drill bit and formation, providing accurate downhole ROP measurements without relying on surface equipment. The sensors include acoustic sensors that transmit signals through the formation, gamma ray sensors that detect formation characteristics, and chemical tracer sensors that monitor fluid interactions, all positioned at the actual drilling location to eliminate information loss between surface and downhole conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If displacement sensors are incorporated within the drill bit, then ROP measurement precision improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveROP measurement accuracyVSAvoiddrill bit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple sensor types (acoustic, gamma ray, chemical tracer) and measurement circuitry directly into the drill bit structure. This integration combines previously separate measurement functions into a unified downhole measurement system, reducing the need for separate surface equipment and improving coordination between measurement functions while managing the inherent complexity through functional integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Productivity

If real-time ROP measurements are provided, then productivity improves through optimized drilling operations, but device complexity increases due to additional sensors and circuitry

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedrilling efficiencyVSAvoidsensor and circuitry integration
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where real-time ROP measurements from the displacement sensors are transmitted to surface equipment through the drill string. This feedback loop enables continuous monitoring and optimization of drilling parameters, allowing operators to adjust drilling conditions based on actual downhole performance data, thereby improving productivity through data-driven decision making while managing system complexity through established communication protocols.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Provides accurate and real-time ROP measurements, enabling more effective drilling operations by aligning surface and downhole data, thus optimizing drilling efficiency and reducing the overall time required for wellbore drilling.

Implementation Method 1

transmitting and receiving signals through the formation, using acoustic, gamma ray, or chemical tracer sensors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic signal transmission: Sound

Implementation Method 2

transmitting and receiving signals through the formation, using acoustic, gamma ray, or chemical tracer sensors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGamma ray detection: Radioactive Decay

Data Source

PatentEP2475837B1Drill bit with rate of penetration sensor
Publication Date: 2020.07.08 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP2475837B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2475837B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2475837B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An apparatus for estimating a rate-of-penetration of a drill bit is provided, which in one embodiment includes a first sensor positioned on a drill bit configured to provide a first measurement of a parameter at a selected location in a formation at a first time, and a second sensor positioned spaced a selected distance from the first sensor to provide a second measurement of the parameter at the selected location at a second time when the drill bit travels downhole. The apparatus may also include a processor configured to estimate the rate-of-penetration using the selected distance and the first and second times.