Drill Bit Sound Analysis for Real-Time Rock Boundary Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for determining rock boundaries and acoustic velocities during wellbore drilling are inefficient, requiring drilling suspensions that increase costs and disrupt the drilling process, and struggle to separate direct and reflected drill bit sounds effectively.

Innovation Solution

A method that utilizes drill bit sound analysis by processing acoustic signals to separate direct and reflected signals, determining rock boundaries and velocities in real-time during drilling without interrupting the process, using a system with acoustic sensors and data processing to calculate two-way travel times and acoustic velocities from the drill bit to rock boundaries.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is used to determine rock boundaries and acoustic velocities, then measurement accuracy is improved, but drilling operation is interrupted for significant periods increasing cost and time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverock boundary detection accuracyVSAvoiddrilling suspension time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The drill bit serves dual purposes: both drilling the wellbore and generating acoustic signals for rock boundary detection. The drilling operation itself produces the acoustic energy needed for measurement, eliminating the need for separate measurement operations that would interrupt drilling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines the drilling operation with the acoustic measurement operation into a single continuous process. The drill bit既是 drilling tool又是 acoustic source, and the drilling mud serves both as lubricant and as the medium for acoustic signal transmission and reception.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Productivity

If drill bit sound is used as seismic source with surface geophones, then drilling suspension is avoided, but direct and reflected sounds cannot be effectively separated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontinuous drilling operationVSAvoidsignal separation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

Acoustic sensors positioned in the drill string act as intermediaries between the drill bit acoustic source and the rock boundaries. These sensors receive both direct and reflected sounds separately, enabling the system to distinguish and analyze reflected signals from rock boundaries without requiring surface geophones.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent moves the acoustic sensors from the surface dimension to the downhole dimension within the drill string. This spatial repositioning allows direct reception of acoustic signals close to the source, creating a new measurement dimension that enables separation of direct and reflected sounds through signal processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Device complexity

If acoustic sensors are placed on ground surface, then equipment complexity is reduced, but signal attenuation in rock formations degrades measurement quality

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor system simplicityVSAvoidacoustic signal quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The acoustic sensors are nested within the drill string structure, which itself is nested within the wellbore. This nested configuration places sensors in close proximity to the acoustic source (drill bit) and the target (rock boundaries), minimizing signal attenuation while maintaining relatively simple equipment architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables real-time detection of rock boundaries and acoustic velocities, reducing drilling costs and allowing for continuous operation, with low-cost implementation and enhanced seismic data processing capabilities.

Implementation Method 1

receiving acoustic signals associated with sounds produced by a well tool implemented to perform a well operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic wave propagation: Sound

Implementation Method 2

The acoustic signals are composed of source acoustic signals and reflected acoustic signals produced in response to the source acoustic signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3201433B1Evaluation of rock boundaries and acoustic velocities using drill bit sound during vertical drilling
Publication Date: 2022.12.07 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
  • EP3201433B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3201433B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3201433B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Implementations provide identification of rock boundaries and evaluation of rock interval velocities in subterranean zones. Actions can include receiving acoustic signals associated with sounds produced by a well tool implemented to perform a well operation by contacting a portion of a subterranean zone, the acoustic signals being composed of source acoustic signals and reflected acoustic signals produced in response to the source acoustic signals, processing the acoustic signals to determine the source acoustic signals and the reflected acoustic signals and determining properties of the subterranean zone based on the source acoustic signals and the reflected acoustic signals.