Drill-String Shock Absorber Composite Beam Vibration Damping
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Solution Overview
Problem
Drill-string vibrations caused by rock-breaking during petroleum drilling lead to hazards such as drill bit jumping, frequent impact, reduced efficiency, equipment damage, and increased costs, due to unaddressed axial, radial, and torsional shock vibrations.
Innovation Solution
A petroleum drill-string shock absorber comprising a drill collar nipple, driving unit, outer shell, helical guideway, drill bit base, woven metal ring, and vibration-absorbing composite beam, where the composite beam, made of sheet metal and flexible material bonded with adhesive, absorbs axial and torsional vibrations through deformation energy dissipation, and the woven metal ring enhances axial vibration absorption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional rubber bearings or spring isolators are used for vibration absorption, then the structure is simple, but the vibration-damping performance is insufficient and cannot effectively suppress drill-string vibrations in multiple directions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite beam made of metal and rubber materials bonded together. The metal portion provides structural strength and rigidity, while the rubber portion provides vibration-damping properties. This composite structure effectively suppresses drill-string vibrations in axial, radial, and torsional directions while maintaining reasonable structural complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The shock absorber is divided into multiple functional components: a compression member for axial vibration absorption, a composite beam for multi-directional vibration damping, and a driven member for torsional vibration suppression. Each component is optimized for specific vibration modes, achieving comprehensive vibration control through functional segmentation.
2Strength
If the drill string is made more rigid to resist vibrations, then the structural strength increases, but the shock absorption capability decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by making different parts of the shock absorber have different mechanical properties. The metal portions provide high strength and rigidity where structural support is needed, while the rubber portions provide flexibility and damping where vibration absorption is required. This localized differentiation allows the overall system to simultaneously achieve strength and shock absorption.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes material parameters by using a composite of metal and rubber with different elastic moduli and damping characteristics. The metal provides high stiffness for structural integrity, while the rubber provides high damping for vibration suppression. By adjusting the ratio and configuration of these materials, the system achieves both strength and vibration resistance.
3Productivity
If the drill bit operates at high speed to increase productivity, then the drilling efficiency improves, but the torsional vibration and shock increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses the driven member with helical grooves that interact with the composite beam to create controlled mechanical vibration responses. When the drill bit rotates, the helical grooves engage with the composite beam, generating counter-vibrations that cancel out harmful torsional vibrations. This allows high-speed drilling while suppressing torsional vibration through controlled mechanical interaction.
Solution Approach 2:
The helical grooves on the driven member create periodic engagement with the composite beam during rotation. This periodic interaction generates rhythmic damping forces that counteract the continuous torsional vibrations produced during high-speed drilling, enabling sustained high productivity with reduced vibration.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively reduces drill bit vibrations, increases rigidity and damping, and provides stable vibration-damping performance, suitable for drilling equipment, with adjustable parameters for specific drilling conditions, and can suppress vibrations in multiple directions, outperforming traditional rubber bearings and spring isolators.
Implementation Method 1
the flexible material is a high-damping vibration-damping material, such as elastic rubber
Implementation Method 2
the flexible material is a high-damping vibration-damping material
Implementation Method 3
the vibration-damping of the drill bit is realized by the torsional deformation energy dissipation of the vibration-absorbing composite beam
Implementation Method 4
a sheet metal and a flexible material gasket bonded by an adhesive
Data Source
AI summary
A petroleum drill-string shock absorber includes a drill collar nipple, a driving unit, an outer shell, a helical guideway, a drill bit base, a woven metal ring and a vibration-absorbing composite beam, the vibration-absorbing composite beam consists of a sheet metal and a flexible material gasket bonded by an adhesive; the drill collar nipple is connected with the helical guideway; the helical guideway is connected with the drill bit base; the driving unit rotates on the helical guideway; the outer shell is connected with the drill bit base; a metal seal ring is configured to seal a space formed between the outer shell and the drill collar nipple, a sealed space is formed among the drill collar nipple, the outer shell and the drill bit base; the woven metal ring is placed between the helical guideway and the drill bit base configured to absorb an axial impact vibration.