3D-Printed Drilling Tools Using MLD-Coated Powder Feedstock

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional manufacturing methods for drilling tools lack the ability to produce cost-effective, high-performance tools with multifunctional properties necessary for oil and gas drilling applications, particularly in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability.

Innovation Solution

Integration of particle Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) or Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) nanocoatings with 3D printing technology to enhance the surface properties of drilling tools, enabling the fabrication of tools with improved wear resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal stability by depositing protective and insulating coatings on particles.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional manufacturing methods are used for drilling tools, then production cost is reduced and process simplicity is maintained, but the tools lack multifunctional properties such as enhanced strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemultifunctional propertiesVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The MLD/ALD nanocoatings are applied to the powder particles before the additive manufacturing process. This preliminary functionalization of the feedstock particles with protective and insulating coatings enables the final tool to possess enhanced strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability without requiring post-processing steps, thus maintaining process simplicity while achieving multifunctional properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses composite powder particles consisting of a core material (metal, ceramic, or polymer) coated with functional materials through MLD/ALD processes. These composite particles are then used as feedstock for additive manufacturing, enabling the final tool to exhibit combined properties of the core material and the functional coatings, achieving multifunctionality in a single manufacturing process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If conventional manufacturing methods are used for drilling tools, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but fabrication time for high-performance tools is excessive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefabrication timeVSAvoidtool performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

By pre-coating the powder particles with MLD/ALD nanocoatings before additive manufacturing, the protective and insulating properties are built into the feedstock itself. This eliminates the need for separate coating operations after tool fabrication, significantly reducing total fabrication time while ensuring high-performance characteristics are achieved throughout the entire manufacturing process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention merges the coating process and manufacturing process into a single integrated workflow. The MLD/ALD-functionalized particles are directly used as feedstock for additive manufacturing, combining what would traditionally be separate steps (coating then manufacturing, or manufacturing then coating) into one streamlined process, thereby reducing fabrication time while maintaining high tool performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Strength

If MLD/ALD nanocoatings are integrated with 3D printing technology, then drilling tools achieve enhanced strength, toughness, and chemical resistance, but the manufacturing process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetool strength and toughnessVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The MLD/ALD nanocoatings are applied to powder particles in advance, before the additive manufacturing process. This preliminary functionalization embeds the strength-enhancing and chemically-resistant properties directly into the feedstock particles, allowing the enhanced tool properties to be achieved through the standard additive manufacturing process without requiring additional complex equipment or multi-step procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The MLD/ALD nanocoatings act as an intermediary that bridges the gap between conventional manufacturing simplicity and enhanced tool performance. By applying the functional coatings at the particle level before manufacturing, the complex nanocoating process is decoupled from the additive manufacturing process itself, allowing each to be optimized independently while the integrated system delivers both enhanced strength and process efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Reliability

If MLD/ALD nanocoatings are applied to particles before 3D printing, then wear resistance is maintained even after partial material removal, but the coating process adds manufacturing steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear resistanceVSAvoidmanufacturing ease
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The MLD/ALD nanocoatings are applied to the powder particles before additive manufacturing, creating a permanent functional layer that becomes an integral part of the tool structure. This preliminary coating ensures that wear resistance is built into the material itself, so even when material is removed during tool usage or machining, the functional properties are maintained in the remaining material without requiring additional coating steps

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The integration of MLD/ALD with 3D printing results in drilling tools with enhanced multifunctional properties, including greater strength, toughness, and chemical resistance, reducing fabrication time and maintaining wear resistance even after partial material removal or surface damage.

Implementation Method 1

a vapor phase reactant fluidized the powder and coats its surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVapor phase deposition: Physical Vapour Deposition

Implementation Method 2

Integration of particle Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) or Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) nanocoatings with 3D printing technology

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMolecular Layer Deposition:

Implementation Method 3

Integration of particle Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) or Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) nanocoatings with 3D printing technology

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAtomic Layer Deposition:

Implementation Method 4

3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdditive manufacturing: 3D Printing

Implementation Method 5

The beam 192 melts (or fuses) the coated particles 160 together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Data Source

PatentEP3972764B1Additive manufacturing of MLD-enhanced drilling tools
Publication Date: 2023.11.08 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
  • EP3972764B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3972764B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3972764B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Methods, systems, and apparatus for carrying out rapid on-site optical chemical analysis in oil feeds are described. In one aspect, a system for manufacture of a tool includes a deposition reactor configured for molecular layer deposition or atomic layer deposition of metal powder to manufacture coated particles, a fabrication unit configured for 3D printing of the tool, and a controller that controls the deposition reactor and the fabrication unit, wherein the fabrication unit and the deposition reactor are integrated for automated fabrication of the tool using the coated particles from the deposition reactor as building material for the 3D printing.