Drug-Eluting Insertable Device for Acute Myocardial Infarction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Thrombus Containing Lesion (TCL), and Saphenous Vein Graft Lesion (SVGL) using drug-eluting stents and balloon catheters often lead to inflammation, thrombus formation, and restenosis due to polymer-based drug delivery systems, which can cause acute, sub-acute, and late thrombus formation, resulting in 'slow-flow' and 'no-flow' issues in patients.
Innovation Solution
A drug-eluting insertable medical device coated with nano-carriers that release drugs at different rates, using a first and second biological agent with distinct dissolution rates to address acute, sub-acute, and late thrombus formations, thereby minimizing inflammation and thrombus formation without relying on polymers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If polymer-based drug delivery systems are used in drug-eluting stents, then drugs can be delivered to treat AMI, TCL, and SVGL, but inflammation and thrombus formation occur due to immune response to polymers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes polymers from the drug delivery system entirely, extracting the harmful component while retaining the therapeutic function through alternative mechanisms (temperature-responsive hydrogel and nano-carriers)
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the material parameter from polymer to temperature-responsive hydrogel, and alters the drug release mechanism from polymer degradation to temperature-triggered release, thereby eliminating immune response while maintaining drug delivery effectiveness
2Device complexity
If single-rate drug release is used, then device complexity is reduced, but inability to address acute, sub-acute, and late thrombus formation simultaneously reduces treatment effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the drug release function into two distinct mechanisms: temperature-responsive hydrogel for acute phase (burst release) and nano-carriers for sub-acute and late phases (sustained release), allowing differentiated treatment of thrombus formation stages
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces dynamic control of drug release through temperature-responsive behavior, where the hydrogel transitions from swollen (drug-loaded) to collapsed (drug-release) state in response to temperature changes, enabling on-demand acute phase delivery
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device effectively treats AMI, TCL, and SVGL by providing a burst release for acute thrombus formation and prolonged release for sub-acute and late thrombus formation, reducing the risk of restenosis and inflammation, while avoiding polymer-related side effects.
Implementation Method 1
The nano-carriers include one or more drugs encapsulated with a first biological agent having a first dissolution rate. The nano-carriers further include a second biological agent in contact with one or more of the first biological agent and the one or more drugs. The second biological agent has a second dissolution rate. The first dissolution rate differs from the second dissolution rate.
Implementation Method 2
The device effectively treats AMI, TCL, and SVGL by providing a burst release for acute thrombus formation and prolonged release for sub-acute and late thrombus formation
Data Source
AI summary
A method for delivering at least one drug at a target site in a blood vessel for treating at least one of an acute myocardial infarction, a thrombus containing lesion and a saphenous-vein graft lesion is disclosed. The method includes delivering nano-carriers at the target site. The nano-carriers include one or more drugs encapsulated with a first biological agent. The nano-carriers further include a second biological agent in contact with one or more of the first biological agent and the one or more drugs. The first biological agent and the second biological agent have a first dissolution rate and a second dissolution rate respectively. The first dissolution rate is different from the second dissolution rate. The one or more drugs are released at the target site from the nano-carriers at a first release rate and a second release rate in response to dissolution of the first biological agent and the second biological agent, respectively.