Dry Wood Material Selector Machine Using Pneumatic Separation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current selector machines for cleaning incoherent wood material require significant water usage, leading to environmental and cost issues, as well as productivity problems due to freezing and moisture content, and often fail to completely separate inert materials from wood fractions.

Innovation Solution

A dry selector machine using a roller selection assembly with varying discharge gaps and air-type separation units to separate wood material from inert pollutants, eliminating the need for water and reducing downstream processing steps.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If wet-type selector machines are used to separate wood material from inert material, then separation is achieved based on density differences, but significant water consumption occurs and environmental impact increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation effectivenessVSAvoidwater consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the hydraulic/wet separation system with a pneumatic/dry separation system. Instead of using water as the separating medium based on density differences, the invention uses controlled air flows to transport and separate particles based on their aerodynamic properties, effectively substituting a mechanical-fluid system with a pneumatic system that eliminates water consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies pneumatic principles by using controlled air flows within a porous plate structure to achieve particle separation. The air flows are directed through specific zones to create selective transport paths for different particle types, utilizing gas dynamics rather than liquid-based separation methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

2Adaptability or versatility

If wet-type selector machines operate in unprotected environments, then they can handle outdoor processing, but freezing problems occur that reduce productivity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoutdoor operation capabilityVSAvoidproductivity during cold weather
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent eliminates the water-based separation mechanism that is susceptible to freezing by implementing a pneumatic separation system. Air flows are not constrained by freezing temperatures in the same way liquid water is, allowing the machine to maintain operational productivity in cold and unprotected environments without the freezing issues that plague wet-type separators

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If water is used as separation medium, then inert material separates from wood material, but excess moisture remains in the discharged wood requiring additional drying processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation effectivenessVSAvoiddownstream processing steps
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes the water immersion separation method with a pneumatic transport and separation system. Particles are conveyed through air flows and separated based on their aerodynamic characteristics, allowing the wood material to be discharged in a dry state without the excess moisture that would require additional drying equipment and processing steps

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts the wood material from the mixture in a dry state through pneumatic separation, taking out the desired product without the contaminating moisture that would otherwise be introduced by water-based separation methods, thereby eliminating the need for subsequent drying operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Manufacturing precision

If roller screens with small discharge gaps are used to clean fine fractions, then separation precision increases, but the machine complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparation precision for fine fractionsVSAvoidroller selection assembly complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the complex mechanical roller screen system with a pneumatic separation system using controlled air flows through a porous plate. This substitution achieves fine fraction separation through fluid dynamics rather than mechanical screening, maintaining high separation precision while reducing the mechanical complexity of the assembly

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces air flow as an intermediary medium to achieve particle separation. Instead of direct mechanical contact between particles and screen surfaces, the air flow acts as a mediator that selectively transports particles based on their aerodynamic properties, enabling precise separation of fine fractions with a simpler structural approach

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The machine effectively separates inert materials from wood without water, reducing environmental impact, operational costs, and eliminating freezing issues, while ensuring the wood is dry and clean for reuse or recycling.

Implementation Method 1

separation is based on the different density of the entering materials, immersed in a fluid, generally water

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDensity difference separation: Density Gradient

Implementation Method 2

convey a second flow of air under pressure toward the lying plane to intercept incoherent material at exit from the roller selection assembly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAir flow under pressure: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 3

the rollers are disposed in the direction of feed at an increasing distance one from the other defining respective discharge gaps for the passage of incoherent material selected as a function of the discharge gaps

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSize-based separation: Filter (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP4021652B1Selector machine to clean incoherent material, and corresponding selection method
Publication Date: 2023.10.04 PAL PONTE DI PIAVE
  • EP4021652B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

Selector machine (10) to clean incoherent material in particular wood- based and to eliminate inert materials contained in said incoherent material.