Dual-Analyte Sensor Membranes for Concurrent Glucose and Ketone Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current in vivo analyte sensors are ineffective for concurrently monitoring multiple analytes, such as glucose and ketones, due to their analytical specificity, requiring multiple sensors which are inconvenient and costly, and face increased failure rates.
Innovation Solution
Development of analyte sensors with a glucose-responsive and ketones-responsive active area on a single sensor, utilizing a multi-component mass transport limiting membrane to facilitate concurrent detection of both analytes, employing enzyme systems that act in concert and separate membrane compositions for each active area.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a single analyte sensor is configured to detect one specific analyte using an enzyme, then analytical specificity is improved, but the ability to concurrently monitor multiple analytes deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies multi-functionality by configuring a single sensor to perform multiple detection functions simultaneously. The sensor includes a first active area with glucose oxidase for glucose detection and a second active area with beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase for ketone detection, allowing one sensor to monitor multiple analytes (glucose and ketones) that are commonly dysregulated together in diabetic individuals.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the sensor into distinct active areas, each specialized for detecting a specific analyte. The sensor is segmented into a first active area containing glucose oxidase and a second active area containing beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, with each segment maintaining high analytical specificity for its target analyte while contributing to overall multi-analyte detection capability.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple in vivo analyte sensors are used to monitor multiple analytes, then multi-analyte detection capability is improved, but device complexity and user convenience deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies merging by combining multiple detection functions into a single sensor device. Instead of requiring separate sensors for glucose and ketone monitoring, the invention merges the glucose detection function (using glucose oxidase in a first active area) and ketone detection function (using beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in a second active area) into one integrated sensor, thereby reducing device complexity and improving user convenience.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies multi-functionality by designing a universal sensor that can detect multiple analytes (glucose and ketones) simultaneously. This single multi-functional sensor replaces the need for multiple separate sensors, reducing the overall system complexity while maintaining the ability to monitor multiple analytes that are commonly dysregulated in diabetic individuals.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple in vivo analyte sensors are used to monitor multiple analytes, then multi-analyte detection capability is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to increased failure likelihood
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies merging by consolidating multiple detection functions into a single sensor unit. By combining glucose detection (via glucose oxidase) and ketone detection (via beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) in one sensor, the invention reduces the total number of sensors required, thereby minimizing the statistical likelihood of failure and improving overall system reliability while maintaining multi-analyte detection capability.
4Adaptability or versatility
If multiple in vivo analyte sensors are used to monitor multiple analytes, then multi-analyte detection capability is improved, but cost burden deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies merging by combining multiple detection functions into a single sensor device. Instead of requiring separate expensive sensors for glucose and ketone monitoring, the invention merges these functions into one sensor with multiple active areas, thereby reducing the quantity of equipment needed and lowering the overall cost burden for diabetic individuals requiring multi-analyte monitoring.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate and simultaneous monitoring of glucose and ketones, reducing user discomfort and costs, and minimizing sensor failure by leveraging enzyme systems and tailored membrane compositions for improved sensitivity and detection accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
The first active area comprises glucose oxidase
Implementation Method 2
glucose oxidase disposed upon a surface of the working electrode
Implementation Method 3
the second active area comprises beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
Implementation Method 4
beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase that is disposed upon the surface of the working electrode and spaced apart from the glucose-responsive active area
Implementation Method 5
employing enzyme systems that act in concert and separate membrane compositions for each active area
Data Source
AI summary
Glucose and ketones may be dysregulated singularly or concurrently in certain physiological conditions and may be advantageously assayed together using an analyte sensor capable of detecting both analytes. Certain analyte sensors capable of dual detection may comprise a first working electrode and a second working electrode, a ketones-responsive active area disposed upon a surface of the first working electrode, a glucose-responsive active area comprising a glucose-responsive enzyme disposed upon a surface of the second working electrode, a membrane having a first portion overcoating the ketones-responsive active area and a second portion overcoating the glucose-responsive active area, in which the first portion and the second portion have different compositions. The ketones-responsive active area comprises an enzyme system comprising at least two enzymes that are capable of acting in concert to facilitate detection of ketones.