Dual-Battery Charging Circuit with Dynamic Voltage Adjustment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Dual-battery systems with only two connection wires face challenges in improving the charging speed and operating time of small-capacity batteries due to inefficient power conversion and heat generation, often requiring microprocessor communication and booster circuits.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising a large-capacity battery subsystem with a constant-voltage and constant-current circuit and a small-capacity battery subsystem with a linear charging circuit having ideal diode characteristics, which coordinates output to maintain low voltage differences and achieve high efficiency during charging cycles, allowing for fast charging without microprocessor communication.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If conventional charging circuits are used with only two connection wires, then device complexity is reduced, but charging speed and efficiency deteriorate due to high voltage differences causing power loss and heat generation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the charging circuit's output voltage adjustable rather than fixed. The constant-voltage and constant-current circuit dynamically adapts its output voltage to match the small-capacity battery's charging requirements, switching between CV and CC modes based on battery state. This dynamic adjustment resolves the contradiction by enabling fast charging through two wires without excessive voltage difference and power loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the voltage parameter dynamically during charging. The large-capacity battery subsystem adjusts its output voltage from a higher initial value (for constant current charging) to a lower final value (for constant voltage charging), matching the small battery's voltage requirements. This parameter change enables efficient power transfer through only two connection wires while maintaining high charging speed.
2Device complexity
If conventional charging circuits are used with only two connection wires, then device complexity is reduced, but energy efficiency deteriorates due to voltage difference causing power waste
Solution Approach 1:
The charging circuit dynamically adjusts its output voltage to minimize the voltage difference between input and output. By transitioning from constant voltage mode to constant current mode as charging progresses, the system maintains optimal voltage matching, thereby reducing power loss and improving energy efficiency while using only two connection wires.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potential harm of voltage difference into benefit by intentionally allowing a controlled voltage difference during constant current charging, then eliminating it during constant voltage charging. This controlled approach transforms what would normally be wasted energy into useful charging current, improving overall energy efficiency.
3Productivity
If high charging current is used to achieve fast charging, then charging speed improves, but heat generation increases reducing efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by switching between constant current and constant voltage charging modes. During constant current mode, high charging current achieves fast charging. As the battery voltage increases and approaches the target voltage, the system transitions to constant voltage mode, naturally reducing current and heat generation. This dynamic mode switching enables fast charging while controlling temperature rise.
4Loss of energy
If microprocessor communication and booster circuits are added to improve charging efficiency, then energy efficiency improves, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies self-service by designing a charging system where the large-capacity battery subsystem automatically adjusts its output based on the small battery's requirements. The constant-voltage and constant-current circuit autonomously transitions between charging modes without requiring microprocessor communication or external control, achieving high energy efficiency while minimizing device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The constant-voltage and constant-current circuit performs multiple functions: it acts as a constant voltage source during initial charging, transitions to a constant current source during bulk charging, and automatically regulates the voltage difference throughout the charging process. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate control circuits and microprocessors, improving energy efficiency without increasing complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances charging efficiency, reduces energy waste, and increases the operating time of the large-capacity battery by maintaining low voltage differences and allowing higher charging currents without excessive heat generation, thus improving the overall performance of dual-battery systems.
Implementation Method 1
a linear charging circuit having ideal diode characteristics, which is configured to charge the small-capacity battery using the constant voltage or the constant current output from the large-capacity battery subsystem
Implementation Method 2
The large-capacity battery subsystem includes a constant-voltage and constant-current circuit, a large-capacity battery and a large-capacity battery charging circuit
Data Source
AI summary
A system for charging a small-capacity battery from a large-capacity battery. The large-capacity battery subsystem and the small-capacity battery subsystem cooperate with each other in different stages of a charging cycle of the small-capacity battery. The large-capacity battery subsystem includes a large-capacity battery, a large-capacity battery charging circuit and a constant-voltage and constant-current circuit which generates either a constant voltage or a constant current. The small-capacity battery subsystem includes a small-capacity battery and a linear charging circuit which uses the constant voltage or the constant current to charge the small-capacity battery. The charging cycle of the small-capacity battery includes a CC stage and a CV stage. In the CC stage, the linear charging circuit meets the ideal diode characteristics and outputs a constant current. In the CV stage, the linear charging circuit meets the linear charging characteristics and outputs a constant voltage.