Dual-Electrode Nanopore Sequencing for Monomer Identification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for determining the monomer molecule sequence of polymers, such as nucleic acids, are inefficient and lack the ability to reliably distinguish between different monomer molecules, particularly in nanopore sequencing techniques where ionic current changes are not sufficient for precise identification.
Innovation Solution
A device comprising a pair of electrodes with different electrical characteristics, insulating materials, and a polymer positioning unit, which generates distinct electrical signals for each monomer molecule, allowing for the identification of all monomer molecules by combining signals from both electrode pairs, and a method using threshold values to determine the sequence of polymers like DNA or RNA.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If nanopore sequencing is used to determine polymer sequences, then the method is simpler and faster, but the ionic current changes are not sufficient for precise identification of different monomer molecules
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple electrode pairs with different electrical characteristics to detect polymer monomers. By merging the detection capabilities of different electrode materials (e.g., graphene, metal, semiconductor electrodes), the system generates distinct electrical signals for each monomer type, enabling precise identification while maintaining high sequencing speed through the nanopore configuration.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different electrode materials with specific electrical characteristics to different detection positions. Each electrode pair is optimized for detecting particular monomer properties, creating local quality variations that enhance overall detection precision. For example, certain electrode materials may be better suited for detecting specific base types in DNA sequences.
2Measurement precision
If multiple electrode pairs with different materials are used to generate distinct electrical signals for each monomer, then measurement precision improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs electrode pairs that serve multiple functions: they not only detect electrical signals from passing polymers but also provide structural support and define the nanopore geometry. The electrodes are positioned to simultaneously create the detection field and maintain the nanoscale passage, reducing the need for additional separate components and mitigating device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a nested structure where multiple electrode pairs are arranged concentrically or in layered configurations around the nanopore. This nesting allows compact integration of multiple detection systems within a small volume, reducing overall device footprint and complexity while maintaining the ability to generate distinct electrical signals for different monomers.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables efficient and reliable determination of monomer molecule sequences by generating specific electrical signals for each monomer, overcoming the limitations of existing nanopore sequencing methods and improving the accuracy of polymer identification.
Implementation Method 1
electrical signal detectors respectively connected to the pair of first electrodes and the pair of second electrodes
Implementation Method 2
If a single-stranded DNA is within the nanopores, the nanopores are partially blocked to reduce the ionic current between the two chambers
Implementation Method 3
a voltage is applied therebetween. Ionic current in the solution between the two chambers flowing through the nanopores
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a device for determining a monomer molecule sequence of a polymer including different electrodes, and a method of efficiently determining a monomer molecule sequence of a polymer.