Dual-Electrode Analyte Sensor Signal Handoff for Interferent Rejection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Analyte sensors, such as glucose sensors, are prone to interference from electroactive species and are less sensitive when insulin is injected nearby, leading to reduced sensitivity and longevity.
Innovation Solution
The analyte sensor employs two working electrodes with different platinum roughness and electrocatalytic activities, along with an interference rejection membrane, and a processor to measure and fuse signals from these electrodes, determining a hand-off period for switching between them to maintain sensitivity and longevity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a single working electrode is used in the analyte sensor, then the device complexity is low, but the sensor longevity and sensitivity are reduced due to interferent reactions and insulin bolus interference
Solution Approach 1:
The sensor is divided into multiple working electrodes (first and second working electrodes) with different electrocatalytic activities. Each electrode operates independently at different operating potentials, allowing the system to segment the measurement function to reduce interferent reactions and extend sensor longevity while maintaining manageable device complexity through modular architecture
Solution Approach 2:
Different working electrodes are assigned different local qualities in the form of distinct electrocatalytic activities and operating potentials. This allows each electrode to be optimized for specific measurement conditions, with the first electrode operating at a first potential and the second electrode operating at a second potential, thereby reducing interference from electroactive species like ascorbic acid and uric acid
2Reliability
If a single working electrode operates continuously, then the operation is simple, but the sensor sensitivity is reduced when insulin is injected near the sensor
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically switches between different working electrodes based on operational conditions and time. The processor determines when to transition from the first working electrode to the second working electrode, allowing the sensor to adapt to changing conditions such as insulin bolus injection, thereby maintaining sensitivity without requiring a completely redesigned static sensor architecture
3Measurement precision
If the sensor uses electrochemical reactions to measure analyte, then the measurement precision is high, but interferent species cause false signals reducing measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the operating potential parameter between different working electrodes to differentiate analyte detection from interferent detection. By operating the first working electrode at a first potential and the second working electrode at a second potential, the system can selectively measure analyte signals while minimizing or eliminating responses from interferent species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen
Solution Approach 2:
The processor acts as an intermediary that receives signals from multiple working electrodes operating at different potentials and synthesizes a corrected analyte measurement. This intermediary processing layer allows the system to compensate for interferent effects by combining information from electrodes with different electrochemical responses, thereby improving measurement precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the sensor's run-in time, interferent rejection, and overall longevity by optimizing signal generation and handling interference, particularly from insulin boluses.
Implementation Method 1
a first working electrode including an analyte sensing molecule disposed on the first working electrode and configured to generate a first signal when exposed to an analyte
Implementation Method 2
The hydrogen peroxide reacts electrochemically as shown in Equation 2, and the current can be measured by a potentiostat
Implementation Method 3
The analyte sensor also includes an interference rejection membrane
Data Source
AI summary
An analyte sensor configured for fast run-in and interferent rejection includes a first working electrode including an analyte sensing molecule disposed thereon and configured to generate a first signal when exposed to an analyte; a second working electrode including an analyte sensing molecule disposed thereon and configured to generate a second signal when exposed to an analyte; a processor; and a memory. The memory, includes instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the sensor to: measure the first sensor signal at the first working electrode; measure the second sensor signal at the second working electrode; determine a hand-off period for the sensor; and generate a fused sensor signal based on the first sensor signal for a first period of time and after the hand-off period, based on the second sensor signal for a second period of time.