Dual-Feed Patch Antenna for Orthogonal Polarization Transmission
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional dual-polarized patch antennas face limitations in efficiently transmitting radio frequency signals in both horizontal and vertical E-fields, as they are typically designed to resonate in a single direction, leading to suboptimal performance when both transmitters are active, and struggle to achieve optimal impedance matching and polarization control.
Innovation Solution
The antenna device features a patch with multiple edges, where two transmit paths are connected to the same edge, utilizing signal combiners and phase shifters to generate orthogonal polarizations, allowing for simultaneous transmission of radio frequency signals in both polarizations, and incorporating a beam controller for controlled beamforming.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a patch antenna is designed to resonate in a single direction, then the antenna achieves optimal resonance and radiation efficiency in that direction, but it cannot efficiently transmit signals in both horizontal and vertical E-fields simultaneously
Solution Approach 1:
The patch antenna is divided into multiple independent feeding points (first feeding point and second feeding point) located at different edges of the patch. Each feeding point can be independently excited to generate different polarization components, allowing the antenna to transmit both horizontal and vertical E-fields simultaneously while maintaining optimal resonance at each feeding point
Solution Approach 2:
The single patch structure is designed to serve multiple functions by incorporating multiple feeding points that can be independently controlled. The patch can simultaneously function as both a horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna, or generate circular polarization, providing versatile transmission capabilities from a single radiating element
2Adaptability or versatility
If both transmitters are active to transmit diagonal polarization, then the patch is forced to resonate in a diagonal direction, but this is not optimal for transmission efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna system dynamically controls the phase and amplitude of signals at different feeding points through phase shifters and signal combiners. By adjusting these parameters, the antenna can adapt its polarization state (linear horizontal, linear vertical, circular, or elliptical) while maintaining optimal resonance conditions, avoiding energy loss from forcing diagonal resonance
3Adaptability or versatility
If two transmitters are connected to respective connection ports at different edges, then the antenna can potentially transmit both polarizations, but the transmitted power is limited to the power from one transmitter
Solution Approach 1:
Signal combiners are used to merge the outputs from multiple transmitters and combine their power. The combined signal is then fed to the patch antenna through appropriate phase shifters, allowing both transmitters to contribute to the transmitted power while maintaining dual-polarization capability. This enables the antenna to transmit with the combined power of both transmitters rather than being limited to one
4Adaptability or versatility
If connection ports are located at different edges of the patch, then the antenna can support multiple polarizations, but the impedance matching becomes suboptimal
Solution Approach 1:
Each feeding point is specifically designed with optimized local geometry and positioning to achieve optimal impedance matching for its intended polarization. The first feeding point is optimized for horizontal polarization while the second is optimized for vertical polarization, allowing each to maintain excellent impedance matching while the system as a whole provides polarization diversity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enables increased transmitted power, improved impedance matching, and controlled polarization, allowing for efficient dual-polarized transmission with the ability to double the transmitted power and achieve orthogonal polarizations, enhancing the antenna's performance compared to traditional designs.
Implementation Method 1
If it is resonant there will be a standing wave across it where the current is at maximum at the middle of the patch and the voltage will have maxima at the edges
Implementation Method 2
the first signal combiner is arranged to generate a difference between signals originating from the first and second transmitters, and wherein the second signal combiner is arranged to generate a sum of the signals originated from the first and second transmitters
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to an antenna device comprising an antenna part having a patch with several edges, a first transmit path connected to a first connection port at a first edge of the patch, and a second transmit path connected to a second connection port at the first edge of the patch. The first and second connection ports are located at a distance from each other along the first edge, and a first transmitter and a second transmitter are connected to the antenna part. The first transmit path comprises a first signal combiner connected to the first and second transmitters and to the first connection port. The second transmit path comprises a second signal combiner connected to the first and second transmitters and to the second connection port. The first signal combiner is arranged to generate a difference between signals originating from the first and second transmitters. The second signal combiner is arranged to generate a sum of the signals originated from the first and second transmitters. Thereby, it is possible to simultaneously transmit two different signals. A method for transmitting a radio frequency signal by means of the device is provided as well.