Dual Fuel Engine Mode Transition via Post-TDC Injection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Dual fuel engines face challenges in smoothly transitioning between fuels, particularly from gas to liquid modes, which can lead to power surges and increased emissions due to incomplete combustion and residual gas exit.

Innovation Solution

Injecting liquid fuel during the combustion stroke after the piston has passed the top dead center, starting at a crankshaft angle of 5° to 20°, ensuring immediate combustion of gas and preventing excessive pressure rise, while maintaining full or 90% fuel feed from the outset to match energy content, and advancing injection to the compression stroke before TDC after a transition period.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If liquid fuel is injected during combustion stroke after TDC, then smooth transition to liquid fuel mode is achieved with stable engine load and speed, but injection timing is delayed compared to conventional pre-TDC injection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine load stabilityVSAvoidinjection timing advance
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary detection of gas feed interruptions and prepares for fuel mode transition in advance. The control system monitors gas feed status and pre-configures the injection strategy before the actual transition occurs, ensuring smooth switching without power surges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the injection timing parameter from conventional pre-TDC (e.g., 10-20° before TDC) to post-TDC (5° to 25° after TDC) during fuel mode transition. This parameter change allows the liquid fuel to ignite reliably from compression heat while avoiding excessive pressure rise, achieving stable transition to liquid fuel mode.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If full or 90% fuel feed is provided from the outset during transition, then rapid adaptation and smooth transition are achieved, but excessive pressure rise may occur if injection timing is too early

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransition speedVSAvoidcylinder pressure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The control system determines in advance whether a fuel mode transition is needed by monitoring gas feed status. By detecting the transition requirement before it occurs, the system can prepare the optimal injection strategy, allowing full fuel feed from the outset without causing excessive pressure rise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the injection timing parameter to post-TDC (5° to 25° after TDC) during fuel mode transition. This parameter change allows the liquid fuel to ignite reliably from compression heat while avoiding excessive pressure rise, enabling full or 90% fuel feed from the outset for rapid transition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of time

If gas feed is stopped immediately during trip to liquid fuel, then transition response time is reduced, but residual gas in intake manifold may cause delayed combustion or emissions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransition response timeVSAvoidunburned gas emissions
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention converts the potentially harmful residual gas in the intake manifold into a beneficial element by using it as additional fuel during the transition. The liquid fuel injection is timed to allow residual gas to be drawn into the cylinder and burned, converting what would be emissions into useful combustion energy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the liquid fuel injection timing to post-TDC (5° to 25° after TDC) during fuel mode transition. This parameter change ensures that residual gas in the intake manifold is properly utilized and burned, preventing unburned gas emissions while maintaining rapid transition response.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables a smooth transition from gas to liquid fuel mode with stable engine load and speed, low emissions, and rapid adaptation, preventing unburned gas exit and ensuring reliable ignition.

Implementation Method 1

The liquid fuel 20 is injected during a combustion stroke after the piston has passed the top dead center (TDC) when the piston is already moving towards the bottom dead center (BDC). This injected liquid fuel will ignite as a consequence of high temperature and pressure at the moment of injection

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression ignition: Combustion

Data Source

PatentEP3140535B1Method in controlling a dual fuel engine
Publication Date: 2018.11.14 WARTSILA FINLAND OY
  • EP3140535B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3140535B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A method in controlling a dual fuel internal combustion four-stroke piston engine (1) comprising - a number of cylinders (5), a piston (50) is movable in a reciprocating manner between a top dead center (TDC) and a bottom dead center (BDC) inside the cylinder (5) defining a combustion chamber, - the engine (1) is configured to operate in two modes: - a gas mode for using gaseous main fuel (10), and - a liquid fuel mode for using liquid fuel (20) injected directly to the cylinder (5), - the engine (1) is configured to switch between the modes when needed, - in a situation where a trip or other shift from the gas mode to the liquid mode occurs on a running engine (1), the liquid fuel (20) is injected during a combustion stroke after the piston (50) has passed the top dead center (TDC) when the piston (50) is already moving towards the bottom dead center (BDC).