Dual Fuel Engine Pilot Injector Testing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Dual fuel engines face challenges in determining the functionality of pilot injectors before switching from liquid fuel to gas mode, as malfunctioning injectors can lead to uncombusted fuel entering the exhaust system, necessitating a reliable method to test the ignition system, especially in marine applications.

Innovation Solution

The method involves varying the pilot injection timing of the pilot injector, first retarding and then advancing it relative to the main injection timing, while measuring combustion parameters like start of combustion, peak firing pressure, and cylinder pressure, to determine injector health using a cylinder pressure sensor system, and adjusting the pilot fuel amount for accurate assessment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the pilot injection timing is varied to test injector functionality, then the reliability of ignition system testing is improved, but the complexity of the testing procedure increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveignition system testing reliabilityVSAvoidtesting procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The testing method dynamically varies the pilot injection timing to multiple positions (earlier, nominal, later) rather than using a fixed timing. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to differentiate between functional and malfunctioning injectors based on how combustion parameters change with timing variations, thereby improving testing reliability while using existing engine control capabilities

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The method changes the injection timing parameter to at least three different positions and measures combustion parameters at each position. By analyzing the pattern of parameter changes across different timing positions, the system can reliably determine injector functionality. This parameter-based approach uses standard engine measurements rather than requiring complex additional testing equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If combustion parameters are measured at multiple injection timings, then the precision of injector functionality determination is improved, but the time required for testing increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinjector functionality determination precisionVSAvoidtesting time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The method performs measurements at multiple injection timing positions (at least three: earlier, nominal, and later) to ensure accurate determination of injector functionality. This excessive action of measuring more than a single timing point provides sufficient data to reliably distinguish between functional and malfunctioning injectors, with the precision gain outweighing the additional time required

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The testing procedure uses periodic variation of injection timing through at least one complete cycle of timing positions (earlier, nominal, later). This periodic action allows the system to capture combustion parameter patterns that indicate injector health, enabling precise determination while maintaining efficient testing through systematic repetition

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for reliable determination of injector functionality, ensuring safe switching from liquid fuel to gas mode by differentiating normal and malfunctioning injector behaviors based on measured parameter changes, thereby preventing engine operation issues.

Implementation Method 1

measuring at least one combustion parameter while operating with the second pilot injection timing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Data Source

PatentEP3279453B1Method for testing an ignition device of an internal combustion engine
Publication Date: 2019.09.18 CATERPILLAR MOTOREN GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3279453B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3279453B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

A method for testing an ignition device (90) associated with a cylinder (26) of a dual fuel engine is disclosed. When the dual fuel engine is operating in a liquid fuel mode, an injection timing of the ignition device (90) is first retarded to a timing that is later than an injection timing of the main injection system. Then, the injection timing is advanced to a timing that is earlier than the injection timing of the main injection system. A combustion parameter is measured for the retarded and advanced injection timings, and it is determined based on a comparison of the measurements whether the ignition device (90) is functional. When the injection devices of all cylinders are functional, operation of the dual fuel engine is switched from the liquid fuel mode to the gas mode.