Dual 28 VDC Input Current Balancing With Series Pass Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

In avionics systems with multiple redundant 28 VDC voltage inputs, slight voltage differences lead to unequal current distribution, increasing the demand for maximum current capabilities and harness wiring, as conventional methods fail to ensure equal current distribution.

Innovation Solution

A system with current sensors, difference amplifiers, and proportional integral controllers is used to balance output current between two input lines by throttling series pass elements, ensuring equal current distribution and avoiding breaker tripping.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If multiple redundant voltage sources are used to power avionics applications, then system reliability is improved, but current distribution becomes unbalanced and maximum current requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem reliabilityVSAvoidmaximum current capabilities
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback control system using current sensors to monitor the current drawn from each voltage source. The controller receives feedback signals from these sensors and dynamically adjusts the series pass elements to balance the current distribution, ensuring that each source contributes equally to the total power demand.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs dynamic adjustment of the series pass elements (such as MOSFETs or transistors) controlled by a microcontroller or analog circuitry. This allows real-time modulation of the current path resistance to equalize current flow from multiple voltage sources, adapting to changing load conditions and voltage variations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If multiple redundant voltage sources are used, then system reliability is improved, but wiring and power supply requirements become more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem reliabilityVSAvoidwiring and power supply requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple voltage source paths into a unified current balancing architecture. By combining the control of series pass elements under a single controller that monitors all sources, the system reduces the complexity of wiring and power supply design while maintaining reliability benefits of redundancy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Adaptability or versatility

If voltage sources are not regulated to the exact same voltage level, then system flexibility is improved, but current imbalance occurs with majority current drawn from the higher voltage source

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage source flexibilityVSAvoidcurrent distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The system changes the electrical parameters (current flow, resistance) of each voltage source path dynamically. By adjusting the resistance of series pass elements based on real-time voltage and current measurements, the controller equalizes current distribution even when source voltages differ, maintaining flexibility in voltage source selection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3872945B1Current balancing
Publication Date: 2026.04.29 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3872945B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3872945B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3872945B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system includes a first input line (102) for a first voltage source (104), wherein the first input line is connected to a first output (106). A second input line (108) is included for a second voltage source (110), wherein the second input line is connected to a second output (112) and is in parallel with the first input line. A first series pass element (114) is connected in series with the first input line, and a second series pass element (116) is connected in series with the second input line. A controller (118) is operatively connected to the first series pass element and to the second series pass element to throttle at least one of the first series pass element and the second series pass element to balance output current in the first and second outputs.