Dual-Input DC-DC Converter Ideal Diode Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Portable electronic devices face inefficiencies and heat generation when switching between input power sources, such as batteries and auxiliary power supplies, due to direct connections and additional resistance in existing switchover circuitry, which affects power efficiency and battery life.
Innovation Solution
A power supply system with a dual-input DC-DC converter using MOSFET transistors and a pulse modulation control circuit to selectively activate transistor devices, minimizing additional resistance and integrating input selection within the DC-DC converter to optimize power conversion and reduce heat generation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If traditional diode-based switchover circuitry is used to select between input power sources, then power source selection capability is achieved, but additional resistance and diode forward voltage drops reduce system efficiency and increase heat generation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an ideal diode switch as an intermediary component that selectively connects input power sources to the load. This ideal diode switch has near-zero forward voltage drop and resistance, replacing traditional diode-based selection circuitry that caused significant voltage drops and power losses. The ideal diode switch enables power source selection while maintaining system efficiency by minimizing energy dissipation in the selection path.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical or traditional electronic switching mechanisms (diodes, transistors in linear mode) with a controlled ideal diode switch implemented using MOSFETs in synchronous rectification mode. This substitution eliminates the inherent forward voltage drop of traditional diodes and reduces conduction losses, thereby improving overall system efficiency while maintaining the power source selection function.
2Adaptability or versatility
If additional switchover circuitry is added to select between power sources, then power source selection capability is improved, but circuit complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the power source selection function with the existing DC-DC converter circuitry by integrating ideal diode switches at the input stage. Instead of adding separate, complex switchover circuitry, the selection functionality is combined with the converter's existing switching elements and control logic. This integration reduces overall circuit complexity while achieving multi-power source selection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements ideal diode switches that serve multiple functions: they enable power source selection, prevent reverse current flow, and minimize conduction losses. By making these components multi-functional, the patent reduces the need for separate dedicated circuits for each function, thereby simplifying the overall circuit architecture while improving power source selection capability.
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional switching components are used in the power path, then power source selection is achieved, but heat generation increases due to resistance and voltage drops
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces ideal diode switches as intermediary components in the power path that have near-zero resistance and forward voltage drop. These ideal diode switches replace conventional switching components (traditional diodes, BJTs) that generated significant heat. By positioning these low-loss intermediaries in the power path, the patent enables power source selection while minimizing I²R losses and heat generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the electrical parameters of the switching components by using MOSFETs operated in synchronous rectification mode, achieving near-zero on-resistance compared to traditional diodes with fixed forward voltage drops. This parameter change (from fixed voltage drop to variable low resistance) significantly reduces power dissipation and heat generation during power source selection while maintaining the selection capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enhances power efficiency, prolongs battery life, and reduces heat generation by minimizing additional resistance in the power path, while simplifying circuitry and improving manufacturability.
Implementation Method 1
a first transistor device for converting the input signal into a regulated output signal supplied to the load. The input selector controls the first transistor device to be activated if the first input is selected, and has a second transistor device controlled to be activated if the second input is selected
Implementation Method 2
The power regulator includes a pulse modulation control circuit for controlling conversion of the input signal into the output signal
Data Source
AI summary
Novel system for supplying power from multiple power sources to a powered device has first and second input power supplies for respectively providing power from first and second power sources. An input selector circuit is responsive to the first and second input power supplies for producing an input power supply signal provided to a power regulator, such as a DC-DC converter, for generating a regulated output power supply signal. The power regulator includes a first transistor device controlled to support conversion of the input power supply signal into the output power supply signal if the input power supply signal is provided by the first input power supply, and a second transistor device controlled to support conversion of the input power supply signal into the output power supply signal if the input power supply signal is provided by the second input power supply.