Dual-Layer Impact Surface with Composite Foam

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current impact-absorbing surfaces in recreational and industrial settings, such as playgrounds and sports areas, often lack sufficient cushioning and resilience, leading to potential injuries from falls, and existing solutions like wet pour surfaces are expensive and require extensive groundwork, while others like grass matting may sink over time.

Innovation Solution

A dual-layer apparatus comprising a resilient upper layer with holes for plant growth support and a second layer with closed-cell foam elements and inset regions that dissipate energy, providing improved impact absorption and cushioning without the drawbacks of existing systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If wet pour surfaces are used for impact absorption, then impact attenuation is improved, but cost and groundwork requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpact attenuationVSAvoidcost and groundwork
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The surface is divided into two distinct layers: an upper layer for impact absorption and a lower layer for structural support and drainage. This segmentation allows each layer to be optimized independently, reducing the need for extensive groundwork while maintaining effective impact attenuation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses composite materials combining rubber particles, binder, and aggregate in specific proportions. This composite structure provides effective impact absorption with reduced material thickness and cost compared to traditional wet pour surfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If grass matting is used for impact absorption, then impact attenuation is improved, but surface stability deteriorates over time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpact attenuationVSAvoidsurface stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The lower layer combines rubber particles, binder, and aggregate to create a stable, interlocked structure that prevents surface degradation. This composite material maintains its structural integrity and impact absorption properties over time without sinking or deteriorating like grass matting.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The inclusion of aggregate and the specific formulation of the composite material creates a porous yet stable structure that drains water effectively while maintaining surface stability and preventing the sinking issue associated with grass matting.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

3Ease of manufacture

If material thickness is reduced to lower cost, then cost is improved, but impact attenuation deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovecostVSAvoidimpact attenuation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The optimized composite material formulation with specific ratios of rubber particles, binder, and aggregate provides high impact attenuation efficiency per unit thickness. This allows reduced material thickness and cost while maintaining or improving impact absorption performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention optimizes parameters such as rubber particle size distribution, binder content, and aggregate type to maximize impact attenuation efficiency. These parameter changes enable thinner layers to achieve the same or better impact protection, reducing material costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The apparatus significantly enhances impact attenuation, potentially reducing injury severity and maintaining effectiveness with reduced material thickness and cost, while allowing for a natural surface appearance and improved durability.

Implementation Method 1

the second layer is resilient and comprises a plurality of foam elements, wherein at least one foam element is a closed-cell foam element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy dissipation through foam deformation: Viscoelasticity

Implementation Method 2

A dual-layer apparatus comprising a resilient upper layer with holes for plant growth support and a second layer with closed-cell foam elements and inset regions that dissipate energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP2794257B1surface
Publication Date: 2018.04.25 PLAYSMART UK
  • EP2794257B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2794257B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2794257B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to apparatus, methods and kits for reducing an impact from a fall and/or increasing the cushioning properties of a surface. Particularly, although not exclusively, the present invention relates to apparatus for reducing impact of a fall onto and/or increasing cushioning of a surface, wherein the apparatus comprises a first upper layer and a second layer, wherein the second layer is resilient and comprises at least one foam element and at least one inset region. Also included in the present invention are methods of installing apparatus of the invention and kits and systems for providing impact-absorbing and/or cushioning surfaces.