Dual-Mode Biosensor Optical RF Glucose Measurement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Non-invasive methods for measuring glucose concentration in biological materials using electromagnetic radiation face challenges such as poor sensitivity, specificity, and consistency due to the inability to isolate specific molecules and the overshadowing effects of other substances.
Innovation Solution
A dual-mode method involving irradiation with optical radiation between 400 nanometers and 25 micrometers and radiofrequency radiation between 1 millimeter and 30 centimeters, combined with signal detection and processing using machine learning models, to determine glucose concentration in biological materials.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If non-invasive electromagnetic radiation methods are used to measure glucose concentration, then patient comfort is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to poor sensitivity and specificity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the measurement process into two distinct segments: optical radiation measurement (400 nm - 25 μm) for detecting glucose-specific spectral signatures, and RF radiation measurement (1 mm - 30 cm) for detecting bulk tissue properties. This segmentation allows each method to contribute its strengths while compensating for the other's weaknesses, thereby improving overall measurement precision while maintaining non-invasive patient comfort
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges two different radiation detection approaches (optical and RF) into a unified dual-mode measurement system. By combining the glucose-specific information from optical radiation with the bulk tissue context from RF radiation, the system achieves improved measurement precision and reliability without compromising the non-invasive comfort advantage
2Device complexity
If single-mode electromagnetic radiation measurement is used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to inability to isolate specific molecules
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement system is segmented into two independent but complementary subsystems: an optical radiation subsystem for molecule-specific detection and an RF radiation subsystem for bulk property detection. This segmentation enables each subsystem to be optimized for its specific function while working together to achieve high measurement precision through the fusion of their respective data streams
3Speed
If optical radiation alone is used for measurement, then measurement speed is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to overshadowing effects of other substances
Solution Approach 1:
The RF radiation measurement acts as an intermediary that provides bulk tissue property information, which serves as a reference context for interpreting the optical radiation measurements. This intermediary data helps distinguish glucose-specific signals from overshadowing effects of other substances, thereby improving measurement precision while maintaining the fast measurement speed enabled by optical radiation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of glucose concentration measurement by utilizing the complementary information from both radiation bands, reducing measurement errors and improving the reliability of results.
Implementation Method 1
The irradiated optical radiation may be, at least in part, absorbed or scattered by an analyte at the first wavelength
Implementation Method 2
The irradiated RF radiation may be, at least in part, absorbed or scattered by an analyte at the second wavelength
Data Source
AI summary
A method for measuring glucose concentration in a biological material is disclosed, as well as a computer readable medium and a sensor system for performing the method. The method comprises irradiating the biological material with optical radiation having a first wavelength between 400 nanometers and 25 micrometers; detecting a first signal from the biological material at the first wavelength; irradiating the biological material with radio-frequency, RF, radiation having a second wavelength between 1 millimeter and 30 centimeters; detecting a second signal from the biological material at the second wavelength; and determining a concentration of glucose in the biological material based on the first signal and the second signal. The sensor system comprises an optical radiation source, an optical radiation detector, an RF radiation source, and RF radiation detector, and a processing device.