Dual-Power Outlets With Outlet-Level Source Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrical systems struggle to efficiently manage power distribution between utility and solar power sources at the outlet level, leading to inefficiencies and safety concerns, particularly in systems with multiple power sources.
Innovation Solution
A central controller determines power source selection for individual electrical outlets based on load current, using SPDT switches and current monitoring, with GFCI and AFCI protection, and employs power line communication for command and data flow, allowing outlets to select between utility and solar power sources.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If circuit breaker level power selection is used, then system complexity is reduced, but outlet level power management flexibility is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the power selection function from the circuit breaker level down to the outlet level. Each outlet is equipped with its own power selection switch and controller, allowing independent power source selection for each outlet. This segmentation enables fine-grained power management where different outlets can draw power from different sources (solar, battery, grid) based on local conditions and requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a universal power selection architecture where each outlet contains a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch capable of selecting between multiple power sources (first power source, second power source, or both). This multi-functional design allows any outlet to adapt to different power availability scenarios and load requirements, providing versatility in power management.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple power sources are provided to each outlet, then power selection flexibility is improved, but safety management complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates feedback mechanisms where each outlet's controller continuously monitors the status of multiple power sources (availability, voltage, current) and automatically adjusts the power selection switch position accordingly. This closed-loop control ensures safe operation by preventing improper power source combinations and detecting fault conditions, thereby managing safety despite the complexity of multiple power sources.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediary components including power selection switches, controllers, and monitoring circuitry that mediate between multiple power sources and the load. These intermediaries manage the complexity of power source integration by providing controlled access, isolation, and coordination, ensuring safe operation while maintaining flexibility in power source selection.
3Productivity
If outlet level control is implemented, then power distribution efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the power distribution system into independently controllable outlet-level units. Each outlet has its own controller that makes local decisions about power source selection based on monitored conditions. This segmentation improves power distribution efficiency by enabling precise matching of power sources to specific outlet requirements, while the modular nature of each outlet unit keeps individual device complexity manageable.
Solution Approach 2:
Each outlet is equipped with self-contained control capabilities including local monitoring of power sources, automatic power selection logic, and independent switching. This self-service approach allows outlets to autonomously optimize their power distribution without requiring complex centralized control, improving efficiency while limiting the increase in overall system complexity through distributed intelligence.
Data Source
AI summary
The selection of electrical power supplied to a load, between a first power source such as the electric utility grid, and a second power source such as a solar-charged battery-inverter system, is made at the granularity of individual electrical outlets (or junction boxes for appliances directly connected or loads installed as fixtures). A central controller determines the power source for each outlet, based on numerous factors including the current consumed by that outlet's load(s). The controller addresses power selection commands to each outlet. Each outlet includes a SPDT functionality switch that operates in response to the controller to connect loads to a line conductor from the first power source or a line conductor from the second power source. A common neutral conductor connects to both sources. The outlets include current monitoring, and may include GFCI and/or AFCI protection. A variety of power distribution panel configurations and wiring options are disclosed. A power line communication system is disclosed for communicating at least current consumption in the uplink and power source selection commands in the downlink.