Dual-Sensor Missile Seeker Head Optical Path Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
In guided missiles, integrating a second sensor for enhanced target acquisition and guidance without compromising the performance of the primary IR sensor is challenging due to space constraints and potential thermal radiation interference in the seeker head.
Innovation Solution
A device with two independent sensors, where the second sensor is arranged outside the primary beam path and connected to a separate beam path via a mirror, with thermal management using a heat sink and active cooling to minimize thermal radiation impact on the primary sensor.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a second sensor is integrated into the existing IR sensor for enhanced target acquisition, then the target detection capability is improved, but the thermal radiation from the second sensor impairs the resolution of the primary IR sensor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent positions the second sensor outside the optical path of the first sensor, utilizing a different spatial dimension (lateral placement rather than co-axial arrangement). This dimensional separation allows both sensors to operate independently without thermal interference, as the second sensor's thermal radiation does not enter the first sensor's optical path.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a beam splitter as an intermediary optical element that separates the optical paths of the two sensors. The beam splitter directs radiation to both sensors while preventing thermal radiation from the second sensor from reaching the first sensor, thus mediating the interaction between the two sensors to eliminate harmful thermal interference.
2Adaptability or versatility
If a second sensor is added to the seeker head for semi-active laser sensing, then the guidance functionality is enhanced, but the space constraints in the seeker head make integration difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent places the second sensor and its associated optics within the structural framework of the existing seeker head, nesting the additional components into available spaces without requiring external mounting. This nesting approach allows integration of the second sensor while maintaining the compact form factor of the seeker head.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes lateral space and alternative optical paths within the seeker head volume, rather than extending the optical axis. By arranging the second sensor outside the first sensor's optical path and using beam splitters or separate entrance lenses, the patent fits additional functionality into the existing three-dimensional space without increasing the overall seeker head volume.
3Volume of moving object
If the second sensor is placed in the center of the primary beam path, then space utilization is optimized, but thermal radiation from the second sensor interferes with the primary sensor's beam path
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a beam splitter or separate optical path as an intermediary mechanism that allows the second sensor to be positioned centrally for space optimization while preventing its thermal radiation from interfering with the first sensor's beam path. The intermediary directs only the necessary radiation to the second sensor while blocking thermal radiation from entering the first sensor's path.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different optical properties to different regions of the optical system, with the beam splitter or optical elements having selective transmission and reflection characteristics. This local differentiation allows central positioning of the second sensor while ensuring that thermal radiation in specific directions is blocked or redirected away from the first sensor's beam path.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration maintains high resolution for the primary IR sensor while allowing for enhanced target detection capabilities without significant power loss or optical interference, enabling improved autonomous and human-controlled guidance systems.
Implementation Method 1
an infrared (IR) sensor integrated into a seeker head, which is designed to resolve even very small temperature differences
Implementation Method 2
An imaging sensor in an alternative spectral range (e.g. in the visible range) or a so-called semi-active laser sensor can be considered as an additional sensor to be retrofitted
Implementation Method 3
the second sensor can produce power loss as a result of radiation impinging on it, which is emitted into its surroundings as thermal radiation
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
The invention describes a device (1) for target acquisition for a guided missile (2), comprising a first imaging optic (4) having a first entrance lens (12), a second imaging optic (6) having a second entrance lens (20), a first sensor (8), and a second sensor (10), wherein the first imaging optic (4) directs a first beam path (26) to the first sensor (8), wherein the second entrance lens (20) is provided in a recess (25) in the first entrance lens (14), wherein the second sensor (10) is arranged outside the first beam path (26), and wherein the second imaging optic (6) directs a second beam path (28) to the second sensor (10) by means of at least one mirror means (22).