Dual-Speed Turbine Rotor With Flow-Control Shaft for Torque Flexibility
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current lightweight pneumatic grinding and polishing tools have limited torque and speed variability, making them inadequate for applications requiring higher torque and speed adjustments.
Innovation Solution
A dual speed turbine rotor design featuring two or more annular chambers and a two-piece shaft with a flow control screw, allowing for airflow control between the chambers to achieve higher or lower speeds by blocking airflow to specific chambers, thereby modifying the shaft to provide dual speed capabilities without a new rotor design.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a single-speed turbine rotor design is used, then the device complexity is low, but the speed variability and torque range are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a dual-speed turbine rotor that can dynamically switch between two operating speeds by selectively directing compressed air to different annular chambers. The rotor transitions from a static single-speed design to a dynamic multi-speed system, allowing the operator to select between high-speed/low-torque and low-speed/high-torque modes based on application requirements, thereby resolving the contradiction between adaptability and complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The turbine rotor is segmented into multiple independent annular chambers (first annular chamber and second annular chamber), each capable of receiving compressed air independently. This segmentation allows selective activation of chambers to achieve different speed levels, enabling speed variability while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure compared to completely redesigning the turbine system.
2Speed
If airflow is restricted to reduce speed, then the speed is reduced, but the torque output decreases
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of simply restricting airflow to reduce speed, the system dynamically reconfigures the airflow distribution by switching between different chamber configurations. When transitioning to lower speed, the system engages the second annular chamber which is designed to produce higher torque at reduced speed, thus achieving speed reduction without sacrificing torque output.
Solution Approach 2:
Different annular chambers are designed with different local characteristics optimized for different operating conditions. The first annular chamber is optimized for high-speed operation, while the second annular chamber is optimized for high-torque low-speed operation. By selecting which chamber receives compressed air, the system achieves the desired speed-torque combination without the trade-off that would result from simple airflow restriction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dual speed turbine rotor provides increased torque and speed flexibility, enhancing the performance of handheld and spindle-mounted pneumatic tools for grinding and polishing tasks while maintaining a lightweight and compact form.
Implementation Method 1
The flow control screw moves inside a threaded axial bore of the shaft from an open position inside the axial bore to the closed position corresponding to the second set of hollow openings
Implementation Method 2
a two-piece shaft with a flow control screw disposed within the shaft. The shaft includes a first set of hollow openings, at a first position from one end of the shaft, in fluid communications with a first annular chamber of a rotor
Data Source
AI summary
A high torque dual speed turbine rotor for a lightweight hand held tool for grinding and polishing or for use with a spindle mounted pneumatic machine. The high torque dual speed turbine rotor includes a two-piece shaft with flow control screw disposed within the shaft. The shaft includes a first set of hollow openings, at a first position from one end of the shaft, in fluid communications with a first annular chamber of a rotor. There is also a second set of hollow opening, at a second position from the one end of the shaft, in fluid communications with a second annular chamber of the rotor. The flow control screw moves inside a threaded axial bore of the shaft from an open position inside the axial bore to the closed position corresponding to the second set of hollow openings.