Dual-Voltage Vehicle Power Supply With Capacitor Voltage Stabilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing in-vehicle power supply systems with multiple voltage levels lead to increased costs, larger wire diameters, and higher electric power loss due to the need for multiple batteries and voltage conversion units, which can result in insufficient power supply and voltage fluctuations when handling large electric power loads.
Innovation Solution
An in-vehicle power supply system that includes a main battery, an upper power supply unit, a first power supply line for low voltage, a second power supply line for higher voltage, a voltage conversion unit, and a capacitor, where the main battery and voltage conversion unit are connected to the first power supply line, and the capacitor and voltage conversion unit are connected to the second power supply line, allowing for efficient voltage conversion and power distribution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a thick electric wire having a large cross-sectional area is used for a power supply line of a wire harness to supply power to large electric power loads, then electric power loss is reduced, but cost of the entire vehicle increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the power supply system into two separate systems: a 12V power supply system for small electric power loads and a 48V power supply system for large electric power loads. This segmentation allows each system to be optimized independently, enabling the use of thinner wires in the 12V system while maintaining low power loss in the 48V system through higher voltage operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the voltage parameter from a single 12V system to a dual-voltage system (12V and 48V). By operating large electric power loads at 48V instead of 12V, the current is reduced by a factor of 4, which dramatically reduces the required wire cross-sectional area and associated costs while maintaining the same power transmission capability.
2Device complexity
If only one in-vehicle battery is mounted in a vehicle having two types of power supply systems having different voltages, then cost is reduced, but power supply capability becomes insufficient and voltage fluctuation occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the 12V battery serve multiple functions: it acts as the primary power source for the 12V power supply system and also serves as a backup power source for the 48V power supply system through the DC-DC converter. This multi-functionality ensures reliable power supply for large electric power loads while avoiding the need for a separate 48V battery, thus reducing cost.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a DC-DC converter as an intermediary device that enables power transfer between the 12V and 48V systems. This converter allows the 12V battery to supply power to 48V loads by converting the voltage, ensuring reliable power supply capability while using only one battery.
3Stability of the object's composition
If a margin for power supply voltage fluctuation is provided in a load side circuit of a 12 V system, then voltage stability is improved, but electric power loss increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the power supply architecture into distinct 12V and 48V systems with dedicated power sources and conversion paths. This segmentation allows voltage stabilization mechanisms to be applied specifically where needed (in the 48V system for large loads) without requiring excessive margins throughout the entire 12V system, thereby reducing overall power loss.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration reduces the diameter of power supply lines, decreases electric power loss, and prevents cost increases by optimizing power distribution and voltage stability for both small and large electric power loads.
Implementation Method 1
a voltage conversion unit configured to convert a voltage of power supply power between the first power supply line and the second power supply line
Implementation Method 2
a capacitor... in which the main battery, the upper power supply unit, and the voltage conversion unit are connected to the first power supply line, and the capacitor and the voltage conversion unit are connected to the second power supply line
Data Source
AI summary
An auxiliary device system battery and a small electric power load are connected to a first power supply line, and power supply power stepped up by a DC/DC converter in a zone ECU is supplied to a second power supply line. A large electric power load and a capacitor are connected to the second power supply line, and when the large electric power load is driven, the capacitor is connected to supply necessary power supply power, and voltage fluctuation is prevented. When an ignition is OFF, a switch circuit is closed, a dark current is supplied from the capacitor, and electric charge is discharged to prevent deterioration. Alternatively, the auxiliary device system battery is connected to a second power supply line side, and a dark current is supplied to a first power supply line side when the ignition is OFF using a capacitor or a dedicated circuit.