Fixing Dye Diffusion in 3D Ceramic Jet Printing

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Solution Overview

Problem

The uncontrolled diffusion of nitrate salt solutions as dye solutions during the spatial layer build-up process in dental restoration manufacturing by jet printing.

Innovation Solution

A method involving jet printing one or more layers of a dental restoration using a ceramic slip, followed by jet printing a coloring solution and applying a fixing solution to prevent uncontrolled diffusion of the coloring solution.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If nitrate salt solutions are used as coloring solutions in jet printing, then selective coloring of ceramic layers is enabled, but uncontrolled diffusion of the coloring solution occurs during layer build-up

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoloring precisionVSAvoidcoloring solution stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

A fixing solution is introduced as an intermediary substance between the coloring solution and the porous ceramic body. This fixing solution contains substances that react with or bind the nitrate salt coloring agents, preventing their uncontrolled diffusion into the ceramic while allowing selective coloring to occur. The fixing solution acts as a mediator that controls the interaction between the coloring solution and the porous substrate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The fixing solution is applied to the ceramic layers before the coloring solution is jet-printed. This preliminary action prepares the surface by creating a controlled environment that prevents subsequent uncontrolled diffusion of the coloring agents. By establishing this protective layer first, the system ensures that when the coloring solution is applied, it remains localized to the intended areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If aqueous ceramic slips are used for jet printing, then drying without cracking is achieved, but uncontrolled diffusion of coloring solutions occurs in the porous structure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedrying reliabilityVSAvoidcoloring control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The fixing solution is applied in advance to the dried porous ceramic structure before coloring. This preliminary treatment modifies the porous structure's properties to prevent subsequent uncontrolled absorption of coloring solutions, while maintaining the beneficial crack-free drying characteristics of the aqueous slip system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The fixing solution serves as an intermediary layer between the porous ceramic structure and the coloring solution. It modifies the interaction at the interface, allowing the porous structure to maintain its drying characteristics while preventing uncontrolled diffusion of coloring agents through the pores.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Extent of automation

If manual infiltration with airbrush systems is used, then automation of coloring is achieved, but high experience requirement and complexity remain

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoloring automationVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The fixing solution application enables a form of self-service where the system automatically prevents diffusion issues that would otherwise require skilled manual control. By applying the fixing solution through the jet printing system, the process self-regulates the coloring behavior without requiring operator intervention or expertise in controlling diffusion patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The automated application of fixing solution as a preliminary step simplifies the overall process by establishing controlled conditions that eliminate the need for skilled manual infiltration techniques. The system prepares the substrate in advance, allowing subsequent coloring to proceed automatically without requiring operator expertise in diffusion control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method ensures controlled, selective coloring of 3D-printed green bodies during additive manufacturing, preventing uncontrolled diffusion and achieving precise color application.

Implementation Method 1

This ensures, for example, controlled, selective coloring of the 3D-printed ZrO2 green compact using coloring solutions during the additive manufacturing process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP4563115A1Fixation of dye solutions in multi-color ink jet 3D ceramic printing
Publication Date: 2025.06.04 IVOCLAR VIVADENT AG
  • EP4563115A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4563115A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4563115A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for producing a dental restoration by jet printing, comprising the steps of jet printing (S101) one or more layers of the dental restoration using a ceramic slip; jet printing (S102) a coloring solution onto the one or more layers; and applying (S103) a fixing solution for fixing the fixing solution.