Dynamic Active Power Estimation for Inverter-Based Resources
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Solution Overview
Problem
Accurate dynamic estimation of active power capability of wind turbines in a wind farm is challenging due to changing wind turbine configurations and operating conditions, which affects the allocation and disconnection of units to match grid demand effectively.
Innovation Solution
A method and system for dynamically estimating active power capability of inverter-based resources by determining available active power based on grid voltage, generator speed, and thermal margins, using a controller to provide active power estimation to a supervisory controller for controlling the inverter-based resource.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If dynamic estimation of active power capability is implemented considering thermal margins and electromechanical ratings, then power management precision is improved, but control system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control system is segmented into a local controller that performs real-time dynamic estimation of active power capability by separately evaluating thermal margins of power electronic components and electromechanical ratings of generators, then combines these assessments. This segmentation allows complex calculations to be distributed and managed in modular fashion, improving measurement precision without overwhelming the overall control system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary assessment of thermal margins and electromechanical constraints before actual power generation operations. By pre-calculating the active power capability based on component thermal states and generator ratings, the system prepares advance guidance for the supervisory controller, enabling precise power management while reducing real-time computational burden.
2Productivity
If real-time monitoring of thermal margins and operating conditions is performed, then power allocation efficiency is improved, but measurement and detection difficulty increases
Solution Approach 1:
The local controller continuously monitors thermal margins of power electronic components and operating conditions of generators, using this feedback information to dynamically adjust the active power capability estimation. This real-time feedback mechanism enables efficient power allocation by ensuring that power generation decisions are based on current component states and environmental conditions, while the automated feedback loop reduces the manual measurement and detection burden.
3Adaptability or versatility
If dynamic adjustment of active power capability is implemented based on changing conditions, then adaptability is improved, but system stability may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements dynamic adjustment of active power capability by continuously updating the estimation based on changing thermal margins and generator operating conditions. The local controller recalculates the power capability as components heat up or cool down and as wind resources vary, allowing the wind farm to adapt to changing conditions while maintaining operational stability through controlled, incremental adjustments rather than abrupt changes.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for controlling an inverter-based resource (IBR) having a power converter and a generator connected to an electrical grid includes determining an available active power of the electrical grid. The method also includes determining an available active power of the IBR based on an effect of a speed and a rating of the generator. Further, the method includes determining a minimum available active power based on the available active power of the electrical grid and the available active power of the IBR. Moreover, the method includes determining an active power limit change for the IBR based on one or more thermal margins of the IBR. In addition, the method includes determining an active power estimation as a function of the minimum available active power and the active power limit change. The method further includes providing the active power estimation to a supervisory controller for controlling the IBR.