Dynamic Aperture for Seismic Multiple Elimination
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for determining the optimal shape and size of apertures in multiple contribution gathers for surface-related multiple elimination in marine seismic surveys are inefficient, often requiring trade-offs between cost and accuracy, and lack dynamic determination from seismic data.
Innovation Solution
A method that calculates dips for adjacent multiple contribution traces, recursively extends the aperture boundary based on these calculations, and stacks multiple contribution traces to generate predicted multiple traces, which are then subtracted from seismic data to attenuate surface-related multiples.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If a rectangular aperture with preselected dimensions is used for multiple contribution gather, then the implementation is simple and computational cost is reduced, but the accuracy of surface-related multiple elimination deteriorates due to inability to capture all apices of surface reflection points
Solution Approach 1:
The aperture shape and size are made dynamic rather than static. The method recursively extends the aperture boundary based on calculated dips of adjacent multiple contribution traces, allowing the aperture to adapt to the actual geometry of surface reflection points and apices, thereby capturing all relevant events while maintaining computational efficiency through on-demand extension.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the aperture are treated differently based on local dip characteristics. The recursive extension process extends the aperture boundary only in directions where dips indicate the presence of additional apices, creating a locally optimized aperture shape that captures necessary reflection points without unnecessarily including unrelated data.
2Measurement precision
If the aperture is made larger to capture all apices of surface reflection points, then the accuracy of multiple elimination improves, but computational efforts increase
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a uniformly large aperture for all cases, the method applies partial action by recursively extending the aperture boundary only where necessary based on dip calculations. This ensures sufficient coverage to capture all apices while avoiding excessive computational effort in regions where extension is not needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The aperture size is dynamically adjusted through recursive extension based on actual dip measurements from the data, rather than being predetermined. This allows the aperture to grow only to the extent necessary for accurate multiple elimination, optimizing the balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.
3Productivity
If a fixed aperture size is used for all multiple contribution gathers, then the processing is efficient and consistent, but the accuracy deteriorates because some gathers require larger apertures while others need smaller ones
Solution Approach 1:
The method transitions from static fixed aperture to dynamic adaptive aperture. Each multiple contribution gather receives an aperture size and shape determined by its specific dip characteristics, allowing optimal accuracy for each gather while maintaining overall processing efficiency through automated adaptive determination.
Solution Approach 2:
Each multiple contribution gather is processed with a locally optimized aperture determined by its specific dip pattern. The recursive extension process tailors the aperture to the local geological structure and reflection geometry of each gather, ensuring optimal accuracy without uniform overhead.
Data Source
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AI summary
Dips are calculated for a series of sets of adjacent multiple contribution traces, from seismic data representative of subsurface formations, in the vicinity of a boundary of an aperture of a multiple contribution gather, the seismic data acquired by deploying a plurality of seismic sensors proximate an area of the earth's subsurface to be evaluated, the seismic sensors generating at least one of an electrical and optical signal in response to seismic energy. The boundary of the aperture of the multiple contribution gather is recursively extended, based on the calculated dips. Multiple contribution traces in the multiple contribution gather with the extended aperture boundary are stacked to generate predicted multiple traces. The predicted multiple traces are subtracted from the seismic data to generate surface-related multiple attenuated data useful for imaging the subsurface formations.