Dynamic Power Cable Moisture Detection Without Barrier Bulging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing moisture ingress detection devices for submarine power cables are not suitable for dynamic power cables due to their inability to be effectively arranged in the tight, compressed space between a water barrier layer and an underlying layer, and they may cause bulging of the water barrier layer, compromising its structural integrity.

Innovation Solution

A moisture ingress detection device comprising an elongated optical fiber surrounded by a water-swellable material, arranged in direct contact with the water barrier layer, without an external rigid sheath, to avoid bulging and ensure structural integrity. The device relies on the tightness of the water barrier layer's wrapping to direct pressure inward towards the optical fiber.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a rigid cylindrical sheath is used to direct pressure inward towards the optical fiber, then the moisture detection function is improved, but the water barrier layer bulges and structural integrity is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemoisture detection precisionVSAvoidwater barrier layer structural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The rigid cylindrical sheath is completely removed from the detection device. Instead, the patent uses the water barrier layer's own tight wrapping and compression to provide the necessary pressure direction, extracting the harmful rigid sheath while maintaining the pressure-directed function through the cable's existing structural compression.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a compliant intermediary layer or uses the naturally compressed space between the water barrier layer and intermediate layer as a mediator. This compliant structure transmits pressure inward toward the optical fiber without causing bulging, replacing the rigid sheath's pressure-directing function with a flexible mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Strength

If the detection device is arranged in interstices further to the interior of the cable, then the structural integrity is maintained, but the detection sensitivity and speed are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecable structural integrityVSAvoidmoisture detection sensitivity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The detection device is pre-positioned in direct contact with the water barrier layer during cable assembly, before the cable is put into service. This preliminary placement ensures immediate detection capability without requiring the device to be positioned deep within the cable interior, achieving both sensitivity and structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If the detection device is placed in direct contact with the water barrier layer, then the detection sensitivity is optimized, but the water barrier layer may bulge and lose structural integrity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemoisture detection sensitivityVSAvoidwater barrier layer structural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The detection device uses a flexible, compliant housing or wrapping instead of a rigid structure. This flexible shell allows the device to be in direct contact with the water barrier layer for sensitive detection while conforming to the layer's shape and not causing bulging, maintaining structural integrity through flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

4Stress or pressure

If a rigid sheath is used to contain the swellable material, then the pressure direction is controlled, but the device cannot be arranged in the tight compressed space of dynamic cables

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure direction controlVSAvoidadaptability to tight compressed space
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the mechanical parameters of the device housing from rigid to flexible or compliant. This parameter change allows the device to adapt to the tight compressed space between the water barrier layer and intermediate layer in dynamic cables, while still maintaining pressure direction control through the compression provided by the cable's own structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution allows for quick and precise detection of moisture ingress in dynamic submarine power cables, optimizing sensitivity by being in direct contact with the water barrier layer while maintaining the structural integrity of the cable.

Implementation Method 1

an elongated optical fiber surrounded by a water-swellable material, the swellable material arranged to expand upon contact with moisture

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWater-swellable material expansion: Hydrogel

Implementation Method 2

exert a pressure on the underlying optical fiber sufficient to cause an observable change in the attenuation and/or propagation characteristics of the optical fiber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical fiber attenuation and propagation: Optical Fibre

Data Source

PatentEP4325528B1Dynamic power cable arrangement with moisture ingress detection device
Publication Date: 2025.04.09 NEXANS SA
  • EP4325528B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4325528B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4325528B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

A power cable arrangement (28,40) , having a power core with one or more conductors, an intermediate layer disposed about the power core, a water barrier layer tightly arranged about the intermediate layer, and a moisture ingress detection device (10,29) arranged between the water barrier layer and the intermediate layer in direct contact with the water barrier layer. The moisture ingress detection device comprising an elongated optical fiber (12) surrounded by a water-swellable material (14,32) , the swellable material arranged to expand upon contact with moisture and exert a pressure on the underlying optical fiber sufficient to cause an observable change in the attenuation and/or propagation characteristics of the optical fiber.