Dynamic Diplexer Switching for Low-Loss Radio-Frequency Multiplexing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently handling carrier aggregation due to high insertion losses and limited flexibility in multiplexing different operating bands, especially when frequency separations are small, leading to expensive and inflexible solutions.

Innovation Solution

A dynamically tunable and switchable diplexer system that adjusts its filter characteristics based on the mode of operation and frequency separation, allowing for efficient signal processing in both carrier aggregation and non-carrier aggregation modes by selectively activating or bypassing filters to minimize insertion losses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a diplexer is used to multiplex multiple operating bands, then signal routing capability is improved, but insertion losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal routing capabilityVSAvoidinsertion losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a dynamically configurable diplexer system where filter characteristics (center frequency, bandwidth, Q-factor) and routing paths can be adjusted in real-time based on the specific carrier aggregation configuration. This dynamic adaptability allows the system to optimize signal routing for different frequency separations, reducing insertion losses while maintaining versatile multiplexing capability across multiple operating bands.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes key parameters of the diplexer filters including center frequency, bandwidth, and Q-factor based on the operating conditions. By dynamically adjusting these parameters according to the frequency separation between aggregated bands, the system minimizes insertion losses while maintaining effective signal separation and routing for different carrier aggregation scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If the diplexer is designed for fixed frequency separation, then manufacturing precision is improved, but adaptability to different CA combinations deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefilter design precisionVSAvoidsupport for different CA combinations
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs digitally controlled filters with programmable parameters that can be dynamically reconfigured to match different carrier aggregation combinations. This dynamic capability allows a single diplexer design to adapt to various frequency separations and band combinations, eliminating the need for multiple fixed designs while maintaining manufacturing precision through standardized hardware platforms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The diplexer system is designed as a universal platform capable of supporting multiple carrier aggregation combinations through software-controlled parameter adjustment. By making the filter characteristics and routing logic programmable, the system achieves multi-functionality, allowing the same physical hardware to serve different frequency separation scenarios without requiring custom-manufactured filters for each CA combination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If multiple separate filter systems are used for different frequency separations, then signal processing performance is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal processing performanceVSAvoidnumber of filter systems
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple separate filter systems into a single integrated diplexer with dynamically reconfigurable parameters. Instead of implementing distinct filter hardware for each frequency separation scenario, the system combines them into one unified platform that uses software control to adjust filter characteristics, thereby maintaining signal processing performance while significantly reducing device complexity and component count.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The system achieves different signal processing configurations by changing parameters (center frequency, bandwidth, Q-factor) of a single filter system rather than switching between multiple physical filter systems. This parameter-based reconfiguration maintains the signal processing performance needed for different frequency separations while eliminating the complexity of managing multiple separate filter hardware components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Adaptability or versatility

If filters are always activated for multiplexing, then frequency separation capability is improved, but signal strength deteriorates due to insertion losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency separation capabilityVSAvoidsignal strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic control of filter activation and parameter adjustment based on the detected frequency separation between aggregated bands. When frequency separation is large and diplexer-based multiplexing is beneficial, the filters are activated with optimized parameters. When frequency separation is small or single-band operation is sufficient, the system can bypass or deactivate the diplexer path, thereby maintaining frequency separation capability when needed while preserving signal strength by avoiding unnecessary insertion losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP3136609B1Enabling radio frequency multiplexing in a wireless system
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 APPLE INC
  • EP3136609B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3136609B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3136609B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A communication device comprises a set of filters that are selectively coupled to different groups of front end ports and an antenna port to form a diplexer, a single filter or a no filter connection for transmission and reception of different data signals. A processor operates to selectively determine or combine filters and couple them to the front end ports and the antenna port based on an operational mode and a frequency separation of signals operating in different frequency ranges of different operating bands. The operational mode can alter between a carrier aggregation mode, in which more than one operating band is aggregated during transmission or reception, and a non-carrier aggregation mode, in which only one filter, no filters or the diplexer is bypassed. The insertion loss of the transmissions and receptions can also be actively decreased.