Dynamic Distance Meter Using Frequency Wobble and Fourier Analysis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for determining absolute distances, particularly using the Fizeau principle, face challenges in achieving high measurement dynamics and accuracy when dealing with dynamic targets due to factors like atmospheric turbulence and reflector conditions, limiting their application in surveying and tracking moving targets.

Innovation Solution

The method involves modulating the transmission radiation with a basic modulation frequency and applying a wobble to the modulation frequency, followed by Fourier transformation of the measurement signal to directly determine the offset from a reference point, enabling continuous and accurate distance measurement even for moving targets.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional Fizeau method with iterative approximation is used to determine absolute distance, then measurement accuracy can be achieved for static targets, but measurement dynamics are insufficient for tracking moving targets

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement dynamics
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing a frequency sweep to identify minima positions before actual distance measurement. The minima positions are stored and used as reference points for subsequent measurements, eliminating the need for iterative approximation during dynamic tracking. This pre-established reference framework enables rapid distance updates without sacrificing accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamics by transitioning from static iterative approximation to a dynamic measurement system that continuously tracks minima positions. The system automatically updates reference points as targets move, maintaining measurement accuracy while adapting to changing conditions. The measurement process becomes dynamic rather than requiring repeated static optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Measurement precision

If measurement duration is extended to improve accuracy by filtering multiple values, then atmospheric turbulence can be compensated, but measurement dynamics decrease and cannot track moving targets

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement duration
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs atmospheric compensation and signal filtering in advance during the frequency sweep phase, before actual distance measurement begins. By establishing a robust reference framework that already accounts for atmospheric conditions, the system eliminates the need for extended measurement durations during dynamic tracking, achieving both accuracy and speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If iterative approximation is used to determine minimum point frequency, then accurate distance measurement is achieved for static targets, but the process is too slow for dynamic targets

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveminimum point frequency accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent determines minimum point frequencies in advance during an initial frequency sweep and stores them as reference points. Subsequent distance measurements for dynamic targets directly use these pre-determined frequencies without iterative approximation, achieving both accuracy and high measurement speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the static iterative process into a dynamic system where minimum point frequencies are automatically updated and tracked as targets move. The system maintains frequency accuracy while adapting to dynamic conditions, eliminating the speed-accuracy trade-off present in static iterative methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for quick and precise determination of absolute distances to moving targets with radial movement speeds up to ±6 m/sec, overcoming previous limitations by providing high measurement dynamics and accuracy independent of parabola shape and atmospheric fluctuations.

Implementation Method 1

an electro-optical crystal is used as a modulator. The measuring beam is no longer periodically interrupted, but modulated by the modulator. During modulation, for example, the polarization and/or the intensity and/or the frequency of the transmitted radiation are modulated

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectro-optic effect: Electro-Optic Effects

Implementation Method 2

The emitted beam is superimposed on the beam reflected by the target and received by the measuring device. When the distance changes, the intensity of the superimposed beams changes according to the interference between the two beams

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Implementation Method 3

Fourier transformation of the measurement signal to directly determine the offset from a reference point

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFourier transformation:

Data Source

PatentEP3388861B1Absolute measurement of distance to dynamic targets
Publication Date: 2021.09.29 LEICA GEOSYSTEMS AG
  • EP3388861B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3388861B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3388861B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a measuring method and a distance meter for determining an absolute distance to a target moving at a speed radial to the distance meter, wherein a modulated transmitted radiation is emitted to the target and a measurement signal is acquired, such that the measurement signal carries information regarding the absolute distance to the target through at least one reference point of a frequency-dependent signal waveform of the measurement signal, based on a modulation phase of the received radiation with respect to a set basic modulation, wherein for a set basic modulation frequency the offset of this frequency value to a reference point, in particular a minimum point, of the signal waveform of the measurement signal is derived, namely the frequency offset and the offset direction to the reference point.