Dynamic Frozen-Bit Polar Coding for Multi-Stage Decoding
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional polar code encoders are non-systematic, making it difficult to achieve efficient encoding and decoding, especially in applications requiring multi-stage decoding and probabilistic shaping, which are essential for high-order modulation and error correction in communication technologies.
Innovation Solution
The proposed solution involves a systematic polar encoding method using multiple polar encoding steps, where each input-bit-sequence is encoded successively with different polar codes, and at least one frozen bit in each step is based on an unfrozen bit, allowing for dynamic freezing and efficient decoding. This approach enables the use of dependent codes that are easier to decode and combines well with higher-order modulation and probabilistic shaping.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If conventional non-systematic polar code encoding is used, then encoding can be implemented, but the input data sequence does not appear at the output, making it difficult to achieve efficient encoding and decoding for multi-stage decoding and probabilistic shaping
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamic freezing where frozen bit positions are not fixed but are dynamically determined based on the values of previous encoding steps. Specifically, frozen bits in later encoding steps are set to match the values of corresponding bits from previous steps, creating a systematic structure that adapts to the encoding process while maintaining efficiency for multi-stage decoding and probabilistic shaping applications
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of frozen bit positions from static to dynamic by making them dependent on previous encoding outputs. This parameter change enables the encoder to achieve systematic structure where input data appears at output, while maintaining the flexibility needed for adaptive applications like multi-stage decoding and probabilistic shaping
2Adaptability or versatility
If systematic encoding is implemented to allow input data to appear at output, then adaptability to multi-stage decoding and probabilistic shaping is improved, but encoding complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the encoding process into multiple independent encoding steps, each handling a portion of the data with its own set of frozen and unfrozen bits. This segmentation allows the systematic structure to be achieved through composition of simpler encoding operations rather than a single complex encoding step, reducing overall encoding complexity while maintaining adaptability
Solution Approach 2:
By making frozen bit positions dynamic and dependent on previous encoding steps rather than fixed in advance, the patent reduces the complexity of determining systematic positions. The dynamic nature allows the encoder to automatically identify where input data appears in the output without requiring complex pre-calculation of all possible positions
Data Source
AI summary
The present application concerns an encoding device comprising a FC 11 configured to generate m FC-output-bit-sequences by executing m polar encoding steps upon m FC-input-bit-sequences that comprise frozen and unfrozen bits, wherein m≥2. In an i-th polar encoding step of the m polar encoding steps at least one frozen bit is based on at least one unfrozen bit. The present application also concerns a decoding device comprising a processor configured to decode successively a polar-coded-bitstream comprising m-polar decoding steps, wherein m≥2. In an i-th polar decoding step of the m polar decoding steps at least one frozen bit is based on at least one unfrozen bit. Further, the present application concerns also correspondingly arranged encoding and decoding methods.