Dynamic Fuel Separation for Engine-Adaptive Auto-Ignition Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing fuel separation technologies for vehicles do not efficiently manage fuel based on real-time engine conditions, leading to suboptimal fuel consumption, cost, and emissions, as they rely on fixed fuel properties and storage methods.

Innovation Solution

A dynamic fuel separation system that uses a flash distillation unit and heat exchanger to separate fuel into streams with varying auto-ignition characteristics (octane or cetane numbers) based on engine conditions, allowing for real-time adjustment of fuel properties and optimized fuel usage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If fuel is stored in a single tank with fixed properties, then the storage system is simple, but fuel consumption and emissions are suboptimal due to inability to adapt to real-time engine conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel consumption efficiencyVSAvoidfuel storage and separation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The fuel stream is segmented into multiple streams with different auto-ignition characteristics (first fuel stream with first auto-ignition characteristic value, second fuel stream with second auto-ignition characteristic value) through the fuel separator. This segmentation allows the system to provide optimally matched fuel to engine conditions, improving fuel consumption efficiency while managing complexity through controlled division of the fuel supply.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts the auto-ignition characteristics of the fuel supplied to the engine based on real-time engine operating conditions. The fuel separator and control system work together to vary fuel properties on-demand, transforming the static fuel storage system into a dynamic one that adapts to changing engine requirements, thereby improving productivity without excessive complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Adaptability or versatility

If fuel separation is performed based on fixed properties, then the separation process is simple, but the system cannot adapt to varying engine operating conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel property adjustment capabilityVSAvoidfuel separation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The control system receives feedback regarding engine operating conditions and automatically adjusts the fuel separation process accordingly. Based on this feedback, the system modifies the auto-ignition characteristics of the separated fuel streams to match current engine requirements. This feedback mechanism enables adaptability to varying conditions while keeping the separation process itself relatively simple through automated control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the auto-ignition characteristic parameters of the fuel by separating it into streams with different values (first auto-ignition characteristic value and second auto-ignition characteristic value). This parameter change capability allows the system to adapt to different engine operating conditions without requiring complete system redesign, achieving versatility through controlled parameter variation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If high-octane fuel is used continuously, then engine performance is maintained, but fuel cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel grade flexibilityVSAvoidfuel cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies local quality by providing different fuel grades (different auto-ignition characteristic values) to match specific engine operating conditions. Instead of uniformly using high-octane fuel, the system selectively adjusts fuel properties based on local (specific operating condition) requirements. This allows the use of lower-cost fuel formulations during conditions that don't require high performance, reducing overall fuel cost while maintaining adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The system applies partial action by adjusting the degree of fuel separation and the auto-ignition characteristic values based on actual engine needs. Rather than always maximizing fuel quality, the system applies just enough separation and adjustment to meet current requirements, avoiding the excessive use of high-cost high-octane fuel when lower performance is acceptable, thereby optimizing fuel cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This system reduces fuel consumption and emissions by providing the engine with fuel optimized for current operating conditions, enabling the use of lower-cost fuels while maintaining performance and potentially generating additional electrical power for vehicle components.

Implementation Method 1

separate the fuel stream, based on a volatility of the fuel stream, into a vapor stream and a liquid stream

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVolatility-based separation: Distillation

Implementation Method 2

a heat exchanger fluidly coupled between a fuel input of the fuel stream and the fuel separator, the heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the vapor stream to the fuel stream

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 3

the heat exchanger is configured to condense the vapor stream to the second liquid stream

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Data Source

PatentEP3417165B1Adjusting a fuel on-board a vehicle
Publication Date: 2021.03.10 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO
  • EP3417165B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3417165B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3417165B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A fuel separation system includes a fuel separator configured to receive a fuel stream and separate the fuel stream, based on a volatility of the fuel stream, into a vapor stream defined by a first auto-ignition characteristic value and a first liquid stream defined by a second auto-ignition characteristic value, the second auto-ignition characteristic value greater than the first auto-ignition characteristic value; and a control system communicably coupled to the fuel separator and operable to receive an input from an engine, the input including an engine operating condition, the control system configured to adjust an operating parameter of the fuel separator, based at least in part on the engine operating condition, to vary at least one of the first or second auto-ignition characteristic values.